C programming
Download as PPT, PDF2 likes832 views
This document provides an introduction to C programming, including: - A brief history of C's development in the 1970s and subsequent standardizations. - The benefits of C like efficiency, portability, and structured programming. - Common terms for programmers like compiler, interpreter, assembler, linker, and loader. - An overview of the compilation process from source code to executable program. - The session objectives are to cover the history of C, common benefits and terms, and the compilation process.
C programming
- 1. Tutorial 1 Introduction to C Programming
- 2. Tutorial 1 Session Objective • History of C language • Benefits • Common Terms for programmer • Compilation Process • Structure of Programming
- 3. Tutorial 1 Introduction • C programming language was developed 1972 by Dennis Ritchie in Bell Laboratories. • It’s an offspring of “Basic combined programming” called ‘B’ which was developed by Ken Thomson • B language was interpreter-based but it was very slow • So Dennis Ritchie modified the ‘B’ language and named it as ‘C’ • Everything before this is known as “K&R C”
- 4. Tutorial 1 History • Standardized in 1989 by ANSI (American National Standards Institute) known as ANSI C • International standard (ISO) in 1990 which was adopted by ANSI and is known as C89 • As part of the normal evolution process the standard was updated in 1995 (C95) and 1999 (C99) • C++ and C – C++ extends C to include support for Object Oriented Programming and other features that facilitate large software development projects – C is not strictly a subset of C++, but it is possible to write “Clean C” that conforms to both the C++ and C standards.
- 5. Tutorial 1 Benefits • C programs are efficient, fast & Highly portable • It can be written in one computer and can be run in another computer without any Modification. • Its easy for debugging, testing & maintenance because of structured programming • Functions can be used many Number of building blocks
- 6. Tutorial 1 Common Terms for Programmer • Compiler • Interpreter • Assembler • Linker • Loader
- 7. Tutorial 1 Compiler • A compiler is a computer program (or set of programs) that transforms source code written in a computer language (the source language) into another computer language (the target language, often having a binary form known as object code). • The most common reason for wanting to transform source code is to create an executable program. • The name "compiler" is primarily used for programs that translate source code from a high-level programming language to a lower level language (e.g., assembly language or machine code).
- 8. Tutorial 1 Interpreter • An interpreter translates some form of source code into a target representation that it can immediately execute and evaluate • Translates source code into some efficient intermediate representation (code) and immediately executes this • Provides color coding in the program which helps in self debugging while writing programs
- 9. Tutorial 1 Compiler vs. Interpreter • A complier converts the high level instruction into machine language while an interpreter converts the high level instruction into an intermediate form. • Before execution, entire program is executed by the compiler whereas after translating the first line, an interpreter then executes it and so on. • List of errors is created by the compiler after the compilation process while an interpreter stops translating after the first error. • Compiler executes program faster as compared to interpreter
- 10. Tutorial 1 Assembler • An assembler is a program that takes basic computer instructions and converts them into a pattern of bits • The assembler program takes each program statement in the source program and generates a corresponding bit stream or pattern • The output of the assembler program is called the object code • The sequence of 0's and 1's that constitute the object program is sometimes called machine code
- 11. Tutorial 1 Linker • Linker is a program that takes one or more objects generated by a compiler and combines them into a single executable program • The compiler automatically invokes the linker as the last step in compiling a program.
- 12. Tutorial 1 Loader • Responsible for loading the program • It places programs into memory and prepares them for execution • Loading a program involves reading the contents of executable file, the file containing the program text, into memory, and then carrying out other required preparatory tasks to prepare the executable for running
- 14. Tutorial 1 Structure of Programming