C section in bovine
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Caesarean section, also known as a C-section, involves surgically opening the uterus to deliver the fetus. It is performed when the fetus cannot be delivered vaginally due to issues like fetal malpositioning or uterine rupture. The surgery involves locating the uterus through an incision in the flank or abdomen, opening the uterus, removing the fetus, managing the placenta, and closing the uterine and abdominal incisions. Proper anesthesia, antibiotics, and postoperative care are important to prevent complications like infection, wound issues, or infertility.
C section in bovine
- 1. Cesarean Section Dr. Adnan Ahmad Riphah College of Veterinary Sciences Lahore
- 2. • Caesarean section is also commonly termed as C- Section in which uterus is exteriorized to take out the young one from the pregnant dam.
- 3. Caesarean section: • The delivery of the fetus usually at parturition by laparohysterotomy is called caesarean section. • Laparohysterotomy means the excision of uterus through an incesion in the abdominal wall.
- 4. Indications • Foetopelvic disproportion • Foetal maldisposition, which cannot be corrected by manipulation. • Irreducible uterine torsion. • Incomplete dialatation of cervix or other parts of birth canal. • Foetal monsters, which cannot be delivered by other means. • Uterine rupture or severe uterine haemorrhage. • Foetal emphysema. • Mummification and hydroallantois after failure of induction of parturition by drugs. • Bicornual pregnancy in mares. • Pregnancy toxaemia in ewes and does. • Rupture of prepubic tendon.
- 5. MATERIALS REQUIRED: • Appropriate drugs for sedation and local anaesthesia • Resuscitation facilities including arrangements to dry and warm the calf. Doxapram hydrochloride (50 mg) may be kept ready in a syringe with a suitable needle prior to surgery because sometimes, it is needed urgently when calf is delivered. • Sterilized calving ropes or chains which may be needed during removal of the foetus from the uterus. • Antiseptic solution for skin preparation - 7.5% Povidone-iodine or 4% Chlorhexidin gluconate and surgical spirit. • Sterilized drape. • Surgical kit: Scalpel, rat-toothed forceps, scissors, six haemostats, needle-holders, round-body and cutting suture needles. • Suture material. • Antibiotics: Strepto-penicillin or ampicillin is useful.
- 6. Selection of operative site Large animals : The sites are (i) Left flank. (ii) Right flank. (iii) Ventro-Iateral. (iv) Ventral or mid line. Small animals : The sites are (i) Flank region with an oblique angle parallel to the last rib. (ii) Midline or linea alba.
- 7. Anaesthesia • Sedation should be avoided as it can cause recumbency detrimental to fetal survival. If sedation is necessary, xylazine is commonly used (0.05- 0.1 mg/ kg b.w. I/M). • For flank incision, paravertebral anaesthesia should be given. • Inverted - L block: • An inverted - L block of the flank is an alternative to paravertebral Anaesthesia. • Epidural anaesthesia: • Epidural anaesthesia is not essential but is useful to prevent straining and tail movement during surgery.
- 8. Preparation for Bovine Surgery • Local Block Drugs – Lidocaine (cheapest and safest) • lidocaine toxicity: muscular tremors, severe depression, hypotension , occasionally convulsions • Toxic dosage: > 13cc of 2% lidocaine per 100 lb or > = 13 mg/kg – mepivacaine, bupivacaine – Withdrawal time
- 11. Pre-operative medication • Pre-operative antibiotic is strongly recommended. • Tocolytic agents such as clenbuterol- hydrochloride (10 ml) should be administered by intramuscular or intravenous route.
- 12. Pre-opp • Secure the Head of Animal • Shave down the area where the incision will be • Scrub the shaved area • Wash the area down with 70% Alcohol
- 13. Surgical technique The surgical technique is performed in following steps: 1. Opening of the flank 2. Locating the uterus 3. Opening of the uterus 4. Removal of the foetus 5. Management of the placenta 6. Closing of the uterine incision 7. Closing of the laparotomy incision
- 15. Post operative care • 1. Routine antibiotic cover (with strepto- penicillin for 5-7 days). • 2. Fluid therapy. • 3. Regular dressing of wound.
- 16. Complications of cesarean section • Peritonitis • Wound breakdown • Seroma formation - A pocket of sterile serous fluid accumulates between muscle layers or under the skin. This can be confirmed when a sterile needle is inserted - serum flow-out. • Retention of the foetal membranes • Metritis • Infertility • Mastitis (E. coli infection) • Sudden death.
- 17. References • Applied Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics by Dr. Pradeep Kumar • Roberts SJ. 1976. Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases.
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