C8 syllabus statements
- 1. 07/09/13 C8 Acids, bases and saltsC8 Acids, bases and salts Syllabus statementsSyllabus statements
- 2. 8.1 The characteristic8.1 The characteristic properties of acids & basesproperties of acids & bases 1 Describe neutrality and relative acidity and alkalinity in terms of pH (whole numbers only) measured using full-range indicator and litmus. 2 Describe the characteristic reactions between acids and metals, bases (including alkalis) and carbonates. 3 Describe & explain the importance of controlling acidity in the environment (air, water and soil).
- 3. 8.2 Types of oxides8.2 Types of oxides 1 Classify oxides as either acidic or basic, related to metallic and non-metallic character of the other element. 2 Further classify some other oxides as neutral, given relevant information.
- 4. 8.3 Preparation of salts8.3 Preparation of salts 1 Describe the preparation, separation and purification of salts using techniques selected from section C2.1 and the reactions specified in section C8.1. 2 Suggest a method of making a given salt from suitable starting materials, given appropriate information.
- 5. 8.4 Identification of ions8.4 Identification of ions and gasesand gases 1 Use the following tests to identify: Aqueous cations: ammonium, copper(II), iron(II), iron(III) and zinc by means of aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia as appropriate. (Formulae of complex ions are not required.)
- 6. 8.4 Identification of ions8.4 Identification of ions and gasesand gases 1 Use the following tests to identify: Anions: •carbonate by means of dilute acid and then limewater, •chloride by means of aqueous silver nitrate under acidic conditions, •nitrate by reduction with aluminium, •sulfate by means of aqueous barium ions under acidic conditions,
- 7. 8.4 Identification of ions8.4 Identification of ions and gasesand gases 1 Use the following tests to identify: Gases: •ammonia by means of damp red litmus paper; •carbon dioxide by means of limewater; •chlorine by means of damp litmus paper; •hydrogen by means of a lighted splint; •oxygen by means of a glowing splint.