Caching Strategies
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The document discusses various caching strategies and technologies including HDD, CPU, DNS, and web caching, emphasizing their importance for improving performance and saving bandwidth. It highlights HTTP response headers like 'Expires', 'Last-Modified', and 'ETag' that control caching behavior, as well as application-level caching techniques such as using APC and memcached. The presentation concludes by addressing the complexities of cache invalidation and management, indicating that while caching is beneficial, it requires careful implementation.
Caching Strategies
- 1. Caching Strategies Michal Špaček, Skype; WebExpo 2011 , Prague @spazef0rze, www.michalspacek.cz
- 2. What the... Cache ? HDD cache, CPU cache, DNS cache, web cache, geocache
- 3. What the... Cache ? HDD cache, CPU cache, DNS cache, web cache , geocache
- 4. CLIENT (BROWSER) WEB SERVER DATABASE SERVER
- 6. Client local disk/memory cache CLIENT (BROWSER) WEB SERVER
- 7. Response headers: Expires Last-Modified ETag Cache-Control Pragma CLIENT (BROWSER) WEB SERVER
- 8. Expires: HTTP-date Expires: Sat, 24 Sep 2011 12:00:00 GMT < Expires CLIENT (BROWSER)
- 9. Expires: HTTP-date Expires: Sat, 24 Sep 2011 12:00:00 GMT > Expires CLIENT (BROWSER) WEB SERVER
- 10. Last-Modified: HTTP-date Following request: If-Modified-Since: HTTP-date
- 11. Last-Modified: HTTP-date Following request: If-Modified-Since: HTTP-date Response: Entity modified: HTTP 200 OK Not modified: HTTP 304 Not Modified
- 12. Last-Modified: HTTP-date Saves bandwidth!
- 13. ETag: quoted-string Following request: If-None-Match: quoted-string
- 14. ETag: quoted-string Following request: If-None-Match: quoted-string Response: No match : HTTP 200 OK A match: HTTP 304 Not Modified
- 15. Saves bandwidth, too! ETag: quoted-string
- 16. If-Modified-Since If-Unmodified-Since If-None-Match If-Match
- 17. ETag × Last-Modified hash (GUID) × HTTP-date (seconds)
- 18. ETag × Last-Modified hash (GUID) × HTTP-date (seconds) weak+strong validation × strong
- 19. ETag × Last-Modified hash (GUID) × HTTP-date (seconds) weak+strong validation × strong needs content × needs date
- 20. Request+Response header Cache-Control: whatever
- 21. Request+Response header whatever = max-age , no-cache , public , must-revalidate (response only), ... Cache-Control: whatever
- 22. Pragma: no-cache Request+Response header
- 23. Pragma: no-cache Request+Response header Request: HTTP 1.0 variant of Cache-Control: no-cache
- 24. Pragma: no-cache Request+Response header Request: HTTP 1.0 variant of Cache-Control: no-cache Response: meaning undefined, wtf
- 25. Proxy cache CLIENT (BROWSER) WEB SERVER
- 26. Proxy cache CLIENT (BROWSER) WEB SERVER
- 28. Configuration Does not change often
- 29. Configuration Does not change often Parse (files)/read (from db) and store to APC
- 30. APC: The Alternative PHP Cache PHP extension Data store (also opcode cache)
- 31. APC: The Alternative PHP Cache Data persist between requests
- 32. APC: The Alternative PHP Cache Data persist between requests … until deleted or cache cleared or server restarted
- 33. Database connection cache Persistent connections (don't work) Connection pooler
- 34. Database query cache Some systems have query cache
- 35. Database query cache Some systems have query cache Some don't
- 36. Result set cache Some data don't change
- 37. Result set cache Some data don't change Fetch and store to memcached
- 38. Memcached Client-server architecture Key-value in memory store for strings and objects
- 40. Data change sometimes but not often enough Employee list of a company
- 41. Data change sometimes but not often enough Employee list of a company Invalidate cache when adding or removing employees
- 42. Data change sometimes and delay is okay Translations from database
- 43. Data change sometimes and delay is okay Translations from database Introduce cache lifetime
- 44. Moar cache keys for the same data Sorted employee list (asc, desc)
- 45. Moar cache keys for the same data Sorted employee list (asc, desc) Cache groups
- 46. Cache groups Keys: list-sorted-asc, list-sorted-desc
- 47. Cache groups Keys: list-sorted-asc, list-sorted-desc Group „list“: list-sorted-asc, list-sorted-desc, list-unsorted
- 48. Cache groups Keys: list-sorted-asc, list-sorted-desc Group „list“: list-sorted-asc, list-sorted-desc, list-unsorted Delete group „list“ when adding/removing
- 49. Cache wherever and whatever
- 50. … but delete your whatever when needed
- 51. Caching is magic
- 52. Caching is magic but not automagic
- 53. Caching is magic but not automagic until now
- 54. www.phpguru.cz/kaskadova-cache 2010 © Skype – As seen on TV Slide
- 55. Practical implementation, anyone ? 2010 © Skype – As seen on TV Slide
- 56. Thanks for listening Michal Špaček, @spazef0rze BTW, love caching? skypecareers.com!
Editor's Notes
- #3: Q: Kdo víte, co je to cache? ME: cache je rychlé úložiště, kam s ukládají data z pomalého úložiště Q: kdo si myslí, že jsem to řekl špatně? Me: popovídáme si potom Q: kdo používáte nějakou cache? Me: všichni
- #5: Ukázkový model
- #7: Co znamená cache, jak se chová klient, v nejlepším případě neodejde žádný požadavel na server
- #8: Když odejde, server vrátí v odpovědi tyto hlavičky
- #17: Hlavičky pro podmíněné dotazy mají obrácené varianty
- #22: Má spoustu parametrů, tohle jsou nejzajímavější, zbytek by vydal na druhou přednášku
- #27: V ideálním případě odpovídá cache, ne půvvodní server
- #36: Víc se toho říct nedá, to je taky na samostatnou přednášku
- #51: ...Což není tak jednoduchý, protože
- #55: Největší teoretik v čechách napsal článek, návrh, jak to celý zautomatizovat, problém je ten, že existuje snad jen jeden člověk, který to dokáže prakticky napsat.