Caluses
- 1. Language Network Clauses and Sentence Structure
- 2. Clauses and Sentence Structure Kinds of Clauses Here’s the Idea Independent Clauses Subordinate Clauses Why It Matters Practice and Apply
- 3. Here’s the Idea Clause A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb.
- 4. Here’s the Idea SUBJECT VERB Your genes carry your family’s genetic history. CLAUSE
- 5. Here’s the Idea Clauses add details. Clauses show relationships between ideas.
- 6. Here’s the Idea Independent Clause An independent (or main) clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.
- 7. Here’s the Idea Genes contain the code for your physical appearance. INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
- 8. Here’s the Idea Subordinate Clause A subordinate (or dependent) clause contains a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.
- 9. Here’s the Idea Subordinate clauses are introduced by words like if, because, that, when, and since. because inherited genes often skip a generation SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
- 10. Here’s the Idea By itself, a subordinate clause is a sentence fragment. that determines your height SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
- 11. Here’s the Idea For a complete thought to be expressed, a subordinate clause must be part of a sentence that contains an independent clause. INDEPENDENT CLAUSE Genes contain the code that determines your height. SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
- 12. Why It Matters Recognizing independent and subordinate clauses will help you avoid a kind of fragment: a subordinate clause accidentally written as a sentence.
- 13. Why It Matters Identify the subordinate clauses that act as fragments. STUDENT MODEL DRAFT Clasp your hands together. As the picture shows. Which thumb is on top? If you clasp your hands to position the other thumb on top. This little trait is inherited.
- 14. Why It Matters To fix these fragments, join them with independent clauses. STUDENT MODEL STUDENT MODEL DRAFT REVISON Clasp your hands Clasp your hands together. As the picture together as the picture shows. Which thumb is shows. Which thumb is on top? If you clasp on top? If you clasp your hands to position your hands to position the other thumb on the other thumb on top, top. This little trait is it feels wrong. This little inherited. trait is inherited.
- 15. Practice and Apply Join this subordinate clause with an independent clause. 1. because my father is tall
- 16. Practice and Apply Join this subordinate clause with an independent clause. 2. even though his twin sisters look alike
- 17. Practice and Apply Join this subordinate clause with an independent clause. 3. that shows her family tree
- 18. Practice and Apply Join this subordinate clause with an independent clause. 4. when my ancestors arrived in this country
- 19. Clauses and Sentence Structure Adjective Clauses Here’s the Idea Adjective Clauses Essential Adjective Clauses Nonessential Adjective Clauses Why It Matters Practice and Apply
- 20. Here’s the Idea Subordinate clauses can be adjective clauses.
- 21. Here’s the Idea Adjective Clause An adjective clause is a subordinate clause that is used as an adjective to modify a noun or a pronoun.
- 22. Here’s the Idea What does each adjective clause modify? A family is more than a group of people who are related. NOUN It was she who started our family tree. PRONOUN
- 23. Here’s the Idea An adjective clause is introduced by a relative pronoun or by a relative adverb. that, who, whom, where, when, whose, which why
- 24. Here’s the Idea Essential Adjective Clause An essential (or restrictive) adjective clause provides information that is necessary to identify the preceding noun or pronoun.
- 25. Here’s the Idea ESSENTIAL ADJECTIVE CLAUSE Someone who is your first cousin is the child of your uncle or aunt.
- 26. Here’s the Idea Nonessential Adjective Clause A nonessential (or nonrestrictive) adjective clause adds additional information about a noun or pronoun whose meaning is already clear.
- 27. Here’s the Idea NONESSENTIAL ADJECTIVE CLAUSE Irene, who is your first cousin, was married last fall.
- 28. Here’s the Idea Use commas to set off a nonessential clause. The commas separate nonessential information from the main idea of the sentence.
- 29. Why It Matters Adjective clauses can supply details necessary to explain, support, and connect your ideas.
- 30. Why It Matters Adjective clauses help to avoid repetition. STUDENT MODEL DRAFT The reception was held at an old hotel. The hotel looks like a castle.
- 31. Why It Matters Join these sentences with independent clauses. STUDENT MODEL STUDENT MODEL DRAFT REVISON The reception was The reception was held at an old hotel. held at an old hotel The hotel looks like that looks like a castle. a castle.
- 32. Practice and Apply Write the adjective clause, along with the word or words it modifies. 5. Aunt Ming, who is known for her funny jokes, entertains the family.
- 33. Practice and Apply Write the adjective clause, along with the word or words it modifies. 6. Spaghetti, which is Uncle Anthony’s specialty, is everyone’s favorite dish.
- 34. Practice and Apply Combine these sentences by changing one into an adjective clause. 7. Emily’s ancestors arrived on Ellis Island in 1900. Emily’s ancestors sailed to America.
- 35. Practice and Apply Combine these sentences by changing one into an adjective clause. 8. Her ancestors established a business in New York City. Many immigrants settled in New York City.