The document discusses the Art Nouveau movement, which originated in the late 19th century. It was inspired by nature and emphasized fluid, flowing organic forms over straight lines and right angles. The style spread from France to other parts of the world. Key characteristics included influences from Japonism and an emphasis on nature's life cycle. Artists were seeking new styles beyond academic art and found inspiration in Art Nouveau's organic motifs and forms. Major figures who helped popularize the style included Alphonse Mucha and his posters of Sarah Bernhardt.