C.C. Cragin Presentation for CSUN
- 1. Kyle Rowinski and Joseph Sadorski Project Mentors: Polly Haessig & Carl Beyerhelm
- 2. • Established in 1997, provides seasonal opportunities for geoscientists on NPS, BLM, and USFS Land. • Participants are considered interns through the GSA, and volunteers of the hiring agency. • Highly competitive. Can be students, recent grads, or professionals • Project terms extend approximately 3 months. Two terms: Spring/Summer and Fall/Winter. • http://rock.geosociety.org/g_corps/index.htm. • Project information: GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 3. • Project Area: 64,000 Acres. • Includes archeology, biology, forestry, geology, and fire fighters. • Purpose: • Protect water quality of C.C. Cragin Reservoir and related watersheds (Payson, AZ water). • Promote healthy forest ecosystem, reduce wildfire potential. • Protect karst features from adverse consequences of logging and fuels reduction. The Project Area: GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 4. • Prominent Biologic and Archeologic features within project area. • Caves inhabited by natives. • Bat populations. • Geology: • Provide protection as necessary to Cave and Karst features and the pertaining flora and fauna. • Resource-rich areas: groundwater, minerals, and hydrocarbon deposits. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 5. • Geologic history: Eolian environment transitioned to shallow seas capped with volcanic rocks. • Entirety of forest underlain by karst-prone lithology. • Karst Topography highly prevalent in region. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments BRR S C.C. Cragin Reservoir
- 6. • Solution Karst: A terrain formed by the dissolution of water-soluble minerals within rock. • Limestone, Dolomite, Gypsum, Halite underlie 25% of the world. • Features: Sinkholes, Emerging/Sinking Streams, Caves, etc… Diagram Sources: GoodEarthGraphics.com GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 7. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments What do karst features look like? Cave: Any opening into the Earth’s surface that a human can fit into; not a man-made feature
- 8. Image Sources: Clemson University, geosources.de, wikipedia.com GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments Mammoth Cave, USA Sinking Stream Chongqing Municipality, China Sinkhol Upper Muschelkalk, Wutach Gorge, Germany Cave/Emerging Stream
- 9. • Karst terrain may form in areas underlain by non-soluble rock. • Are created by a variety of geologic processes. • Tectonic-Karst (Lava Tubes!), Rheogenic-Karst, Talus-Karst, Glacial-Karst. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments Images Source: Halliday (2007), K. Rowinski Cave Littoral Crevice Pseudokarst, ScotlandPiping Pseudokarst, USA Cave Tectonic-karst, Flagstaff, AZ Lava Tube
- 10. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 11. • LiDAR data analysis provided the Cave and Karst survey with prospective Karst features. • Raster, DEM, and Hillshade analysis via ArcMap to recognize areas of subsidence. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 12. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments Clint’s Well South
- 13. • Driving and GPS guided hiking. • At site: Observation, discussion, note taking/sketches, and Samsung tablet use. • ArcGIS program ArcCollector. • Geodatabase set up for rapid inventory and analysis. • Photos of the feature. • Necessary to sync tablet with ArcGIS Online. • Data can be downloaded and analyzed. • Long hours in the field. • What the tablet and geodatabase looks like… GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 14. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 15. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments • Variety of Karst types recognized within the C.C. Cragin Project area.
- 16. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 17. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 18. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 19. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 20. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 21. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 22. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments • 9,000 ft. long solution karst cavern system.
- 23. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 24. • Data downloaded from ArcGIS Online, ArcMap used to re-digitize boundaries, assign buffer. • Level of importance assigned to each feature. • Stream channels buffered. • Final maps distributed to Forestry Planners. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 25. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 26. • Determination of appropriate buffer dimensions in feet. • Involves analysis of field notes and data collected. • Possible consultation and analysis with other teams (Archeology, Biology, Forestry). GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 27. • Data produced is for a relatively small area of Coconino N.F. • Future Work: • There’s a lot that’s out there. Reconnaissance in the major stream channels. • Extensive LiDAR coverage. • In-Depth Geologic research. • Bitemporal/Multitemporal monitoring of Karst features. • Cave mapping. • GeoCorps. • Widespread implementation of rapid karst assessment system. GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 28. • Polly Haessig. GSA GeoCorps/USFS Mentor • Carl Beyerhelm. Resource Information and GIS Specialist • GSA and the USFS • Blue Ridge Ranger Station crew • The Arizona Cave Survey crew • Mike Van Note, Larry Zimmer, Tom Gilliland, and Bob Goforth • Those who assisted us in the field: • Olivia Tempest (Coconino Forestry) • Kevin Weldon and Frances Alvarado (Prescott Ntl. Forest Geologists) • Ron Klawitter (SRP) and OC Eke (Kaibab Ntl. Forest Geologist) • Charlie Ester III (SRP) • Nicholas Steel (Happy Jack) GSA • Cragin Project • Karst • Methods • Results • Future Work • Acknowledgments
- 29. Thank you!