CDMA Based Secure Cellular Communication via Satellite Link

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 5658
CDMA based secure cellular communication via satellite link
1Ch. Lavanya , 2Dr. S. Saravanan
1 PG student, NBKRIST
2Professor, NBKRIST
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Abstract: A CDMA based Range Communication system via
Satellite link is chosen to link the Base Station Transceiver
(BTS) and Base Station Controller (BSC), which is essential to
overcome the Communication problems especially during
natural disasters like flood, cyclone, tsunamietc, during which,
the BTS is the most vulnerable to damage interrupting the
BTS-BSC link. In this case, a quick restoration of the BTS and
BSC link is required for voice communication among Disaster
Management/ Emergency Rescue teams etc, where satellite
link is the only way to overcome these problems. The size of
BTS can be micro with limited coverage area plugged to a
portable satellite terminal like GSAT-12 terminal, for an
instant restoration of the communication link. The advantage
is small ground terminal size, high capacity enabling more
number of CDMA voice channels per carrier. The CDMA based
Secured Range Communication System via Satellite link
provides voice services over commercially available cheaper
mobile handsets in the areas which are otherwise not feasible
by terrestrial link.
Key words: CDMA, cellular network, BTS, BSC, Matrix
eternity, Matrix SETU VGFX, 8 Port D-link, IDIR
1. Introduction:
It’s been a revolutionary change and growth in
telecommunication industry. The cellular technology has
reformed the way people interact with each other. In this
technology we are using BTS and BSC which is linked
through satellite making strong communication during
natural disasters .The wired telecommunication systems
used previously are affected to the natural disasters and
causes breakage in telecommunication link.Toovercomethe
drawbacks in the above system, The CDMA based Cellular
Communication System is proposed, which has inherent
security features and the Subscriber units can be very
compact, which are generally and commercially available in
the market. Also the system is proposed to be in compact
farm factor with easy deployment feature for use during any
disaster and Emergency Situation management times with a
Satellite link interface.
The generally availableCDMAbasedCellularCommunication
System in the market has BTS and BSC which are
geographically located away and connected by an ABIS
interface. The ABIS interface or connectivity is the most
vulnerable link which may prone to damage during any
natural disaster times. Hence, a CDMA based Cellular
Communication System been chosen sucha waythattheBTS
and BSC are integrated in a compact unit which eases
portability and fast deployment. Also the systemisproposed
to integrate with the Satellite link to connect to a remotehub
with PSTN connectivity.
2. The General CDMA Cellular System
The general set up of a CDMA network involves
either a Line Of Sight Microwave Link or a Fiber Optic Link
between Base station Transceiver (BTS) and Base station
controller (BSC) as shown in figure 1.
Fig
2.1: Direct link between BTS and BSC
Here, PSTN stands for Public Switch Telephone Network,
MSC meant for Mobile Switching Centre, BSC meant for Base
Station Controller, BTS stands for Base Station Transceiver
2.1: Base Station Transceiver:
A BTS is equipment that facilitates wireless communication
between user equipment (UE) and a network. BTS is also
referred to as the Radio Base Station (RBS), node B (in 3G
Networks), eNB - evolved node B (LTE standard) or, simply,
the Base Station (BS).

Fig 2.1.1: BTS
The BTS consists of equipmentfor encryptinganddecrypting
communications, spectrum filtering tools (band pass filters)
etc.
A BTS is usually composed of transceiver, power amplifier,
combiner, multiplexer, antenna, and alarm extensionsystem
and control function.
2.2 Base Station Controller:
The Base Station Controller (BSC) provides, classically,
the intelligence behind BTS. Base station controller has
several base station transceivers under itscontrol.Ithandles
allocation of radiochannels, receivesmeasurementsfrom the
mobiles and controls handoff from BTS to BTS.
Fig 2.2.1: BSC
The BSC is undoubtedly the most robust element in the BSS
as it is not only a BTS controller but for some vendors a full
switching centre as well as an SS7 node with connections to
the MSC and serving GPRS support node(SGSN).
3. CDMA based cellular network
In CDMA based cellular network all the radio cells share
the same frequency bands and users can transmit
simultaneously .In other cellular techniques transmissions
from one user causes interference to other users, the more
users are in the system and the higher power they transmit,
the more interference theygeneratetooneanother whereas
in CDMA based network interference is typically limited.
In the system each transmitter uses a unique spreading
code to generate the transmitted signal. The intended
receiver reproduces the same spreading code used by the
transmitter and recovers the desired signal. Cross-
correlation of different spreading codes ideally zero, so that
the desired signal can be recovered and interfering signals
can be removed at the receiver. In CDMA power control is
originally used to solve near-far problems in the uplink of
the cellular CDMA networks, where homogeneous traffic is
supported.
4. Proposed system
The configuration of Cellular based system shown below
is commissioned to meet the secured voice communication
requirements with commercially available sleek mobile
handsets and to evaluate the system performance.
Fig 4.1: CDMA Cellular System with Satellite link
connectivity via Gateway

The Base Station is a compact/ portable outdoor
weatherproof unit with easy installation and having
integrated features of Core Network and Radio Access
Network functionalities.
It is a portable system with terrestrial connectivity for
localized operations and by Satellite communication link for
external connectivity.
Tested with antenna mast height of about 16 feet and
obtained Radio Range of 2 Kms radius with 10W RF output
power.
Fig 4.2: Portable BTS
5. Technical specifications of the BTS:
5.1: Capacity / Performance
Configurations: 1FA/1S (Omni or directional sector)
RF Output Power: Up to 10 W at antenna port
Channel Elements: 64 Forward / 32 Reverse
Packet Data Rate (Peak Burst) : 153.6 Kbps Fwd/153.6 Kbps
Rev
5.2: Frequency Bands
Band Class 0: Tx: 869–894 MHz | Rx: 824–849 MHz
Band Class 1: Tx: 1930–1990 MHz | Rx: 1850–1910 MHz
Band Class 5, Block A : Tx: 462.5–467.5 MHz Rx: 452.5–
457.5 MHz
5.3: Protocol Support
Signaling: IOS/IP or SIP interface
Voice Traffic: RTP/IP
Packet Data: GRE/IP
OA&M Interface : SNMP v2c
5.4: Interfaces Hardware
Antenna Connectors: N-type female
Dimensions: 725 mm H × 220 mm W x 182 mm D(28.5 x
8.7 x 7.1 in.)
Weight : 20 kilograms
Input Voltage : -48 VDC
Power Consumption : 100 W
Here the satellite is chosen to link the BTS and BSC, during
natural disasters like flood, cyclone, tsunami,sincetheBTSis
most vulnerable to damage interrupting the BTS-BSC link.In
this case, a quick restoration of the BTS and BSC link is
required, where satellite link is only feasible. However the
large satellite RF terminal sizeanditsdeploymenttimelimits
the feasibility of the satellite link for a macro BTS (bigger
capacity), having large coverage area.
To overcome the limitation, a micro/pico BTS with
limited coverage area plugged to a portablesatelliteterminal
like GSAT-12 terminal can be used for an instant restoration
of the communication link. Keeping apart the satellite
visibility, the present system provides voice services over
commercially available cheaper mobilehandsetsintheareas
which are otherwise not feasible by terrestrial link.
This network can independently co-exist withother
CDMA cellular networksand canextendconnectivitytoPSTN
and other CDMA cellular networks with software upgrade.

6. The proposed configuration is shown below:
1) Matrix Eternity 4) 8 Port D-link
2) CDMA COMPAC 5) IDIR
3) Matrix SETU 6) Satellite Terminal
Fig6.1: Block diagram of CDMA based cellular
communication system
The Cellular Communication System is interfaced
with LOCATION 1Telephone ExchangethroughPrimary Rate
Interface (PRI), so as to enable the calls between Mobile
Subscriber Units and Landline Telephones.
The dial plan for the CDMA mobile users is as follows
Step 1: Each CDMA mobile phone is assigned a four-digit
number of 9 series, Eg: 9001, 9002
Step 2: Calls among the CDMA mobile phones should take
place by dialing respective four digit numbers
Step 3: Any Existing IP-PBX user should also be able to call
the CDMA mobile phone with the given four-digit number of
each CDMA phone in single step and vice versa
Step 4: External calls to PSTN /PLMN fromtheCDMAmobile
phone should follow the same procedure as of IP-PBX users.
The IP-PBX users will dial the PSTN or PLMN subscriber by
prefixing zero (for example If the PLMN subscriber is
9*******788, the CDMA mobileusershouldabletoaccessthis
number by dialing 09*******788).
Step 5: Any PSTN/PLMN subscriber cancall toCDMAmobile
user say XXXX by dialing on a PSTN number 0862322XXXX.
7. Result Analysis
Fi
g 7.1: Web browser based BTS status display
page
Fig
7.2: BTS transmitter power level configuration change
page
4
3
Location I
Telephone
lines
2
3
Location II
Telephone
Lines
1
1
5 5
6

Fig
7.3: Web browser based BSC status display page
Fig
7.4: PSTN interface configuration page of telephony
gateway unit
Fig 7.5: PSTN interface configuration page of telephony
gateway unit
Fig 7.6: Configuration page of IP-PBX unit
8. Conclusion
The Communication/ telecomnetworksevolvedfromanalog
PSTN to digital ISDN, the wireless GSM/ CDMA and then the
packet IP network. Superior voice quality, faster
communication, better and more services and reduced
communication cost are the fruits of these technological
developments.
The project dealt with the Integration of two or more
technology devices (CDMA Base Station, analog PSTN,
Satellite Communication Terminals), which is a challenge by
itself, as interoperability issues may arise if not configured
properly as per the industry standardprotocols,maintaining
the toll-grade voice quality of the integrated/ interfaced
networks.
The project is only to functionally evaluate the performance
of the integrated/interfaced systems with a singlesiteCDMA
Base Station installed with a near Omni-directional antenna
(8.5 dBi), which gave an area coverage of around 3 Km
radius.
The project can be further expandable with multi-site
networked CDMA Base Stations with highly directional
antennas (15 dBi) for wide coverage area along with
improvement in total system call handling capacity & soft
handoff.
9. References :
[1] "What really is a Third Generation (3G) Mobile
Technology" (PDF). International Telecommunications

Union. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2011.
Retrieved October 28, 2012.
[2] CDMA2000 trademark application, uspto.gov,
November 17, 2009
[3] 1X features/speeds, cdg.org, November 17, 2009
[4] "EvolutionofCDMARoadmap—VoicePerspective"(PDF).
Alcatel-Lucent. May 13, 2010.
[5] Guidelines for using cdma2000 1x RevisionEFeatureson
Earlier Revisions" (PDF). 3GPP2. July 2011.
[6] 1X Advanced. Qualcomm. Retrieved September 18,2013.
[7] CDG : CDMA Statistics". CDMA Development Group.
Retrieved June 13, 2015.
[8] Qualcomm halts UMB project, Reuters, November 13,
2008
[9] Guowang Miao; Jens Zander; Ki Won Sung; Ben Slimane
(2016). Fundamentals of Mobile Data Networks. Cambridge
University Press. ISBN 1107143217.
[10] Tom Simonite January 24,2013(2013-01-24)."Google’s
Private Cell Phone Network Could Be a Threat to Cellular
Carriers | MIT Technology Review". Technologyreview.com.
Retrieved 2013-11-23. NASA. 1966. pp. 30–32. Retrieved
2009-10-31.

CDMA Based Secure Cellular Communication via Satellite Link

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CDMA Based Secure Cellular Communication via Satellite Link