CE Lec Slides, Plans.pdf
- 1. TYPE OF DRAWINGS CONST ENGG CE-375 SE SHAHID HUSSAIN
- 2. TYPE OF PLANS • BLOCK PLANS • SITE PLANS • PLOT PLANS • CONTOUR PLANS
- 3. Block Plans • Block plans usually show the siting of the project in relation to Survey Maps. • Conventions are used to depict boundaries, roads and other details.
- 4. Site Plans Site plans usually show the extent of the site but no surrounding detail. Site Plan shows Location of buildings Hardstandings/Paved Areas Topography Fencing, walls and gates Roads Existing and finished levels. Buildings to be demolished External services, drainage, water, gas, electricity, telephone, etc.
- 5. Plot Plans • Location of a structure in a plot • Over-all building dimensions • Finished grade elevations • Building entrances, sidewalks, roadways, parking areas, and landscaping features. • Separate plot plans for arch features, elect features etc for large project.
- 6. Site / Lay Out Plan
- 7. Contour Plans Contour on a drawing indicate the grade level of the ground surface. They usually show both existing and proposed finish grade.
- 8. Types of Drawings • Technical Drawings • Sketches • Detail • Working/Construction • Assembly • Component • Shop • As-built drawings & record • Other Types • Digital • Preliminary • Isometric
- 9. Sketch Drawings • The entire range of drawings can be illustrated as sketch drawings. • A sketched assembly drawing can be used by the architect to instruct the technician preparing the ink negative. • A Preliminary drawings also called line plans.
- 10. Detail Drawings • Drawings of specific elements which require more detailed information than can be seen in the larger drawings of the entire building. • Details are often section drawings of the foundation, exterior walls, windows, stairs, framing, or other construction elements. • Where section drawings are cut through is usually indicated on the floor plans with an arrow and letter label matching the elevation drawing. • The drawings that show the details for Detail drawings take precedence over other building
- 11. Detail Drawing
- 12. Working/Construction Drawings • Also called plans, blueprints, or working drawings shows what is to be built. • They may include architectural, structural, civil , mechanical, electrical etc. • Traditionally, 2D orthogonal projections of building such as plans, sections and elevations. These may be drawn to scale by hand, or prepared using Computer Aided Design (CAD) software. However, increasingly, Building Information Modelling (BIM) is being used to create 3D representations of buildings for construction. • They are drawn to scale may include title blocks, dimensions, notation and symbols.
- 13. Assembly Drawings • Shows how the building is erected on site. The assembly drawings can be: • Plans • Elevations • Section • Assembly drawings will contain several components, showing how the individual components fit together to make a building element. • Same as working drawings
- 14. Component Drawings • Shows individual components in the unfixed state. • Information will include component sizes, tolerance and specification with reference to the bill of quantity. • Typical component details are Wood window head detail, Special door construction, Sill, Coping stone etc.
- 15. Shop Drawings • Generally relates to pre-fabricated components, show how they should actually be manufactured, fabricated, assembled or installed. • Shop drawings might be prepared for components such as; structural steelwork, reinforcement, lifts, building services equipment, appliances, ductwork, piping, plumbing, windows, cabinets, electrical and data layouts, fire protection and so on. • Also helps to check installation on site. • Fabricators are likely only to refer to shop drawings, and not the design drawings.
- 16. As-Built/Record Drawings • Drawings prepared, either during the construction process or when construction is complete, to reflect what has actually been built. • These record drawings (sometimes referred to as 'as constructed' drawings) may be required for the operation and future maintenance of buildings. • Apart from registering on site changes to const drawings, record of what has been installed on site are also added . Like records of installations such as under-floor cabling is required, without which it can prove very problematic for subsequent companies that occupy the premises.
- 17. Misc Drawing Types • Isometric Drawings • An isometric drawing is a three dimensional drawing which shows length, width, and height. Isometric drawings give an overall view, or picture, of an object as the eye would see it. • Preliminary Drawings or ‘thinking drawings’ are the sketches • Digital Drawings are CAD Drawings
- 18. Plans
- 19. Drawing Types a. Architectural drawings b. Structural drawings c. Road drawings d. Services drawings: (1) Electrification drawings (2) Water Supply drawings (3) Sewage disposal drawings (4) Air-conditioning (HVAC) drawings etc.
- 20. Architectural Drawings Arch drawings mostly contain the following information: • General layout of the building e.g. location of various rooms (drawing room, bedroom, lounge, kitchen, baths, office, store, etc), corridors and open spaces within the building • Room sizes, storey heights and wall thicknesses. • Locations, sizes, types and construction details of doors, windows and ventilators • Details of Floor, Wall and Ceiling Finishes • Location, type and details of False Ceiling • Details of roofing materials and roof slope • Type and construction details of staircases • General locations of water tanks and septic tanks etc.
- 21. Structural Drawings Str drawings contain the following information: • Structural system adopted for the building e.g., Load-bearing walls, RC Frame, Str Steel Frame, Composite System etc. • Minimum strength requirements for the structural materials to be used in the building. • Thickness and reinforcement details for RC slabs • Sizes and reinforcement details for RC beams, columns, footings, water tanks, etc. • Sizes and details of str steel sections for girders, beams, columns, purlins, brackets and bracing, if used. • Sizes and specifications about steel bolts and welds, if used.
- 22. Road Drawings Road drawings (also include runways and taxiways) generally contain the following information: • Geometrical design details, like right-of-way, road length/width, location of curves, etc. • Minimum strength and other technical requirements for the materials to be used in construction of roads. • Thickness of various road components like sub-base, base and the riding surface • Reinforcing details in case of concrete roads. • Location of bridges, culverts and drains etc.
- 23. Perspective View
- 26. Elevations
- 27. 3D View
- 34. Section
- 35. Section
- 36. Section
- 37. Sections
- 38. Section
- 41. Notes
- 50. Sample Water Supply Drawings
- 52. Sample Air Conditioning Drawings