C&e unit 1 powerpoint
- 1. By: Tessa Hoffmann, Rachel Navarro & Emma Hadley
- 2. Types of Government: • Monarchy-ruled by a king or queen • Dictatorship- ruled by one with military force • Theocracy-ruled by religious leaders • Oligarchy-ruled by few • Democracy-ruled by citizens
- 3. 2 types of Democracy- Direct-all citizens have a chance to vote for any law/action Representative-citizens elect officials to make decisions on their behalf Branches of Government- • Legislative branch-makes laws • Executive branch-enforces laws • Judicial branch-interprets laws
- 4. • England has historically been a monarchy • King John 1 signed the Magna Carta which established these current rights: • Accused are guaranteed a trial by jury • Accused are innocent until proven guilty • All citizens are guaranteed justice • All citizens have to follow the same laws and will be punished the same for breaking those laws
- 5. Parliament- • Originally the kings advisors • The first time Parliament had more power than the king was during the Glorious Revolution • Used common laws (based on customs and precedents) to make decisions
- 6. • This was a time when Europeans began to question traditional ideas about many areas, especially government and how it should be run. Here are some enlightenment philosophers…
- 7. Helped pave the way to the American Revolution. He believed… • The purpose of government is to protect natural rights (life,liberty,property…) • In a social contract where citizens agree to give up some freedoms for protection from the government
- 8. Baron de Montesquieu- he believed government power should be split into three branches Jean-Jacques Rousseau-he believed all men are created equal Voltaire-he believed in separation of church and state
- 9. Early government in the Colonies- • Mayflower Compact: established self-government by written law in Plymouth Colony • House of Burgesses: first form of representative set up in VA colony
- 10. The king only allowed the colonies to trade with England which made England richer and more powerful. This is called Mercantilism.
- 11. • Late 1750’s to early 1760’s • England and the colonies fought France for a part of American land • This war caused heavy debt so the colonist were taxed by the British crown
- 12. • Said colonists couldn’t settle west of the Appalachian mountains • Colonists didn’t like this law
- 13. • All printed documents now had to have a stamp • The colonists rebelled and the act was repealed • Lead to the Boston Massacre where 5 colonists were killed
- 14. • England passed the Tea Act which taxed tea • Sons of Liberty lead a revolt and dumped all to the tea from British tea ships into the Boston Harbor
- 15. • Was a form of punishment for the Boston Tea Party • Formally called the Townsend Acts • Said there would be no trial by jury in the colonies • The Quartering Act forced colonists to house and feed British soldiers • Set a up a blockade on Boston Harbor which put hardships on Boston residents
- 16. • Held in Pennsylvania • All colonies were represented except Georgia • Sent King George III the Declaration of Rights and Grievances asking him to repeal the acts, marking the first time the colonies acted together against the crown • King George III responded with the battles of Lexington and Concord, defeating the colonists both times
- 17. • Held in Massachusetts • All colonies were represented • Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense calling for independence from England • After lots of debate, delegates decided to send a Declaration to the King
- 18. • Thomas Jefferson was the main writer, basing his ideas off of those of the enlightenment philosophers • It listed 27 complaints against England • Led to the American Revolutionary War
- 19. Problems facing the United States- • Heavy debt • Federal government had no power to tax so states placed heavy taxes on citizens causing many businesses to fail
- 20. • First form of American government • Had a unicameral congress with each state getting one vote • Had no executive or judicial branch
- 21. • Each state had only one vote • Had no power to tax • Couldn’t regulate foreign or interstate trade • No executive branch • No judicial branch • Unanimous vote needed to amend the AC’s • 9 out of 13 states was required to pass laws
- 22. • An army was created to prevent farmers from losing their land • Government had a hard time stopping it • Led the US to realize that they needed a stronger central government
- 23. • Delegates had to choose to amend the AC’s or scrap them and start over • Had to choose to have one large state or set up a federal system where power was divided between a central government and states
- 24. Virginia Plan- • Proposed by James Madison • Supported by states with large populations • Called for representation based on population
- 25. New Jersey Plan- • Proposed by William Patterson • Supported by states with small population • Called for equal representation
- 26. • Set up a bicameral legislature • Senate would have equal representation • House of Representation would have representation based on population • The most important compromise at the Convention
- 27. • Slave states wanted to count slaves as a part of the population • Decided that they could count 3 out of every 5 slaves as a part of the population
- 28. • Anti-federalists didn’t support ratification because they feared the central government would be too strong • Federalists supported ratification; wrote the Federalist Papers supporting stronger central government; promised to add a Bill of Rights if the Anti-federalists ratified the Constitution
- 29. • 9 out of 13 states had to ratify the Constitution before it went into effect • Went into effect on June 21, 1788 • The Constitution could only be amended by a vote of the states