CE8302 IQ 01- By LearnEngineering.in.pdf

Fluid Mechanics Question Bank
VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
III SEMESTER
CE 8302 FLUID MECHANICS
Regulation – 2017
Academic Year 2019 – 2020
Prepared by
Ms. S. SREELEKHA , Assistant Professor/CIVIL
www.EasyEngineering.net
For More Visit : www.LearnEngineering.in
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SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT : CE 8302 / FLUID MECHANICS
SEM / YEAR: III/II
UNIT I FLUID PROPERTIES AND FLUID STATICS 9
Fluid – definition, distinction between solid and fluid - Units and dimensions - Properties of fluids - density,
specific weight, specific volume, specific gravity, viscosity, compressibility, vapour pressure, capillarity and
surface tension - Fluid statics: concept of fluid static pressure, absolute and gauge pressures - pressure
measurements by manometers-forces on planes – centre of pressure – buoyancy and floatation.
PART – A
Q.No Questions
BT
Level
Competence
1. Define Centre of Pressure BT-1 Remember
2. Define Mass Density BT-1 Remember
3. Define Specific volume of fluid and write its unit BT-1 Remember
4. Define Kinematic Viscosity BT-1 Remember
5. Define specific gravity BT-1 Remember
6. Define Buoyancy BT-1 Remember
7. Define Compressibility BT-1 Remember
8. Define Surface tension and Capillarity BT-1 Remember
9. What are the properties of real fluid? BT-1 Remember
10. What is cohesion and adhesion in fluids? BT-1 Remember
11. Classify the Types of fluids BT-2 Understand
12. Compare specific weight and specific volume BT-2 Understand
13. Relate absolute pressure and gauge pressure BT-2 Understand
14. Explain Newton‟s Law of Viscosity. BT-2 Understand
15. Name the devices that are used to measure the pressure of a fluid BT-3 Application
16. How to calculate pressure using differential manometers BT-3 Application
17. Calculate the specific weight, density and specific gravity of 1 litre of
liquid which weighs 7 N.
BT-3 Application
18. Distinguish between gauge pressure and vacuum pressure BT-4 Analyse
19. Two horizontal plates are placed 1.25 cm apart. The space between them
is being filled with oil of viscosity 14 poises. Examine the shear stress in
oil if upper plate is moved with a velocity of 2.5 m/s.
BT-4 Analyse
20. Find the Kinematic viscosity of an oil having density 981 kg/m. The
shear stress at a point in oil is 0.2452 N/m2
and velocity gradient at that
point is 0.2 /sec.
BT-4 Analyse
21. Determine the specific gravity of a fluid having viscosity 0.005
Ns/m2
and kinematic viscosity 0.035*10-4
m2
/s.
BT-5 Evaluate
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22. 1
8
The Capillary rise in the glass tube is not to exceed 0.2 mm of water.
Determine its minimum size, given that surface tension of water in
contact with air = 0.0725 N/m
BT-5 Evaluate
23. Determine the specific gravity of a fluid having viscosity 0.05 Poise and
kinematic viscosity 0.035 stokes.
BT-5 Evaluate
24. 1
9
Write down the expression for capillary fall in terms of surface tension
for mercury.
BT-6 Create
25. 2
0
Temperature rise, decreases viscosity in liquids but increases in gases, why? BT-6 Create
PART –B
1 If the velocity profile of the fluid over a plate is parabolic, with the vertex 20cm
from the plate, where the velocity is 120cm/s. calculate the velocity gradient
and shear stresses at a distance of 0,10 and 20cm. Viscosity of the liquid is 8.5
poise.
BT-1 Remember
2 Two large plane surfaces are 2.4 cm apart. The space between the gap is filled with
glycerin. What force is required to drag a thin plate of size 0.5 m between two
large plane surfaces at a speed of 0.6 m/sec. if the thin plate is
a) In the middle gap (7)
b) Thin plate is 0.8 cm from one of the plane surfaces? (6)
Take dynamic viscosity of fluid is 8.1 poise.
BT-1 Remember
3 If the Velocity distribution of a fluid over a plate is given by u = ay2
+by+c
with a vertex 0.2m from the plate, where the velocity is 1.2 m/s. Calculate the
velocity gradient and shear stress at a distance of 0m 0.1m 0.2m from the plate.
If the viscosity of the fluid is 0.85 Ns/m2
BT-1 Remember
4 A plate 0.05 nm distance from a fixed plates moves at 600 mm/s and requires a
force of 3N per unit area to maintain this speed. Determine the fluid viscosity
between the plates. Also find the specified weight of the above fluid, if the
kinetic viscosity of the fluid is 0.003× 10-4 m2
/s
BT-1 Remember
5 A circular plate 1.2 m diameter is placed vertically in water so that the centre of
plate is 2m below the free surface. Determine the total pressure and depth of
the centre of pressure
BT-2 Understand
6 A liquid has a specific gravity of 0.72. Find its density, specific weight and also
the weight per litre of the liquid. If the above liquid is used for lubricant
between a shaft and a sleeve, find the power lost in liquid for a sleeve length of
100 mm. The diameter of the shaft is 0.5m and the thickness of the liquid film
is 1 mm. Take the viscosity of fluid as 0.5 N/ m2 and the speed of the shaft as
200 rpm
BT-2 Understand
7 Derive an expression for the capillary rise of a liquid having surface tension σ and
contact angle θ between two vertical parallel plates at a distance W apart. If the plates
are of glass, what will be the capillary raises of water? Assume σ = 0.773 N/m, θ = 0˚
take W= 1mm.
BT-2 Understand
8 i) Calculate the capillary effect in millimeters in a glass tube of 4mm diameter,
when immersed in(i) water and (ii) mercury the temperature of the liquid is 20o
in contact with air are 0.073575 N/m and 0.51 N/m respectively. The angle of
contact for water is zero and that for mercury is 130o
. Take density of water at
20o
as equal to 998 kg/m3
. (6)
BT-3 Application
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ii) List the various devices used to measure fluid pressure and explain any two
of the manometer with neat sketch. (7)
9 i) Identify the capillary effect in millimeters a glass tube of 4mm diameter, when
immersed in (a) water (b) mercury. The temperature of the liquid is 20o
C and the
values of the surface tension of water and mercury at 20o
C in contact with air are
0.073575 and 0.51N/m respectively. The angle of contact for water is zero that for
mercury 130o
C. Take specific weight of water as 9790 N/m3. (7)
ii) A 400mm diameter shaft is rotating at 200 rpm in a bearing of length 120mm. if
the thickness of oil film is 1.5mm and the dynamic viscosity of the oil is 0.7
N.S/m2. Determine the torque required overcoming friction in bearing and power
utilized in overcoming viscous resistance. Assume a linear velocity profile. (6)
BT-3 Application
10 i) If the velocity distribution over a plate is given by u=2/3 y – y2 in which u is the
velocity in m/s at a distance y meter above the plate, determine the shear stress at
y=0 and y=0.15 m. Take dynamic viscosity of fluid as 8.63 poises. (6)
ii) Derive an expression for Pascal‟s law. (7)
BT-4 Analyse
11 Calculate the dynamic viscosity of oil which is used for lubrication 30°. The
weight of the square plates is 330 N and it slide down the inclined plane with
uniform velocity of 0.3 m/s. Thickness of the oil film is 1.5 mm.
BT-4 Analyse
12 A U - Tube manometer is used to measure the pressure of water in a pipe line,
which is in excess of atmospheric pressure. The right limb of the manometer
contains mercury and it‟s open to atmosphere. The contact between water and
mercury is in the left limb. Determine the pressure of water in the main line, if the
difference in level of mercury in the limbs of U-tube is 10 cm and the free surface
of mercury is in level with the centre of the pipe. If the pressure of water in pipe
line is reduced to 9810 N/m2, Calculate the new difference in the level of mercury.
Sketch the arrangement in both cases.
BT-4 Analyse
13 (i) Determine the total pressure on a circular plate of diameter 1.5 m which is
placed vertically in water in such a way that the centre of the plate is 3 m below the
free surface of water. Also find the position of centre of pressure. (7)
(ii) Determine the total pressure and centre of pressure on an isosceles triangular
plate of base 4m and altitude 4 m when it is immersed vertically in an oil of sp.gr
0.9. The base of the plate is coincides with the free surface of oil. (6)
BT-5 Evaluate
14 A vertical sluice gate is used to cover an opening in a dam. The opening is 2m
wide and 1.2 m high. On the upstream of the gate, the liquid of specific gravity
1.45 lies up to a height of 1.5m above the top of the gate, whereas on the
downstream side the water is available up to a height touching the gate. Find the
resultant force acting on the gate and position of center of pressure. Find also the
pressure acting on the top of the gate which is capable of opening it. Assume that
the gate is hinged at the bottom.
BT-6 Create
PART-C
1 (i) Explain the characteristics of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids
in detail? (3)
(ii) The velocity distribution for flow over a plate is given by U= 2y-y2 where U is
the velocity in m/s at a distance y meters above the plate. Determine the velocity
gradient and shear stress at the boundary and 0.15m from it. (12)
BT-1 Remember
2 i) The dynamic viscosity of oil, used for lubrication between a shaft and sleeve is 6
poise. The shaft is of diameter 0.4 m and rotates at 190 rpm. Calculate the power
lost in the bearing for a sleeve length of 90mm. The thickness of the oil film is 1.5
mm. (8)
ii) Derive the expression for pressure head when fluid at a rest. (7)
BT-2 Understand
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3 Derive an expression for the depth of centre of pressure from free surface of liquid
of an inclined plane surface submerged in the liquid.
BT-3 Application
4 (i) Derive an expression for the pressure inside a droplet, hollow bubble and a free
jet. (10)
(ii) Show the theoretical classification of fluids and define each type of fluid by
giving an example? (5)
BT-4 Analyse
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UNIT II FLUID KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS 9
Fluid Kinematics – Classification and types of flow - velocity field and acceleration - continuity equation (one
and three dimensional differential forms)- stream line-streak line-path line- stream function - velocity potential
function - flow net. Fluid dynamics - equations of motion -Euler's equation along a streamline - Bernoulli‟s
equation – application – venture meter, orifice meter and Pitot tube- linear momentum equation and its
application to pipe bend.
PART – A
Q.No Questions
BT
Level
Competence
1. Define flow net BT-1 Remember
2. Write Euler‟s equation. BT-1 Remember
3. Define Pitot – tube BT-1 Remember
4. Define “Vortex flow” BT-1 Remember
5. Define Stream function BT-1 Remember
6. Define velocity potential function? BT-1 Remember
7. List the properties of potential function BT-1 Remember
8. What are the assumptions made in the derivation of Bernoulli‟s
equation?
BT-1 Remember
9. What are the types of motion of fluid particle? BT-1 Remember
10. Define rate of flow. BT-1 Remember
11. Classify the types of Motion BT-2 Understand
12. Explain the impulse momentum principle BT-2 Understand
13. Compare Laminar flow and turbulent flow BT-2 Understand
14. Write and infer the equations of motion BT-2 Understand
15. Write the integral form of momentum equation BT-2 Understand
16. Application of Bernoulli‟s theorem for steady flow of an incompressible
fluid.
BT-3 Application
17. Write the properties of stream function BT-3 Application
18. Define circulation and write its expressions BT-3 Application
19. Distinguish between stream line and streak line. BT-4 Analyse
20. Distinguish between uniform and non-uniform flow BT-4 Analyse
21. What do you understand by Continuity Equation? BT-4 Analyse
22. A pitot – static tube is used to measure the velocity of water in a pipe.
The stagnation pressure head is 6mm and static pressure head is 5m.
Calculate the velocity of flow assuming the co-efficient of tube equal to
0.98.
BT-5 Evaluate
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23. A differential manometer is connected at the two points A and B.At B
pressure is 9.81 N/cm2 (abs), find the absolute pressure at A
BT-5 Evaluate
24. Write the expression for the resultant force acting between two sections
of the pipe in terms of discharge using impulse-momentum principle.
BT-6 Create
25. Write Euler‟s equation. BT-6 Create
PART -B
1 Water flow through a pipe AB 1.2 diameter at 3m/s and then passes
through a pipe BC 105m diameter. At C, the pipe branch CD is 0.8m
in diameter and carries one third of flow in AB. The flow velocity in
branch CE is 2.5 m/s. Find the volume rate in B.C, the velocity in CD
and the diameter of CE
BT-1 Remember
2 State Bernoulli‟s theorem for steady flow of a incompressible
third.Derive an expression for Bernoulli‟s equation from first principle
and state the assumption made for such a derivation
BT-4 Analyse
3 The stream function for a dimensional flow is given by Ψ =2xy.
Calculate the resultant velocity at P(3,4). Also the velocity potential
function ϕ.
BT-3 Application
4 A venture meter of inlet diameter 300mm and throat diameter 150mm
is inserted in vertical pipe carrying in the upward direction. A different
mercury manometer connected to the inlet and throat gives a reading
of 200mm. Find the discharge if the coefficient of discharge of meter
is 0.98
BT-2 Understand
5 A ripple 200 m long slop down at 1 in 100 and taper from 600 mm
diameter at the higher end to 300 mm diameter at the lower end, and
carries 100 litres/ sec of oil having specified gravity 0.8. If the
pressure gauge at the higher end reads 60 kN/m2, determine the
velocities at the two ends and also the pressure at the lower end
BT-2 Understand
6 Briefly describe about velocity potential function and stream function
and its relations.
BT-2 Understand
7 A horizontal venturi meter with inlet diameter 250 mm and
throatdiameter 120mm is used to measure the flow of oil specific
gravity 0.85. The discharge of oil through the venture meter is 80
lit/sec. Find the reading of oil – mercury differential manometer. Take
Cd =0.97
BT-2 Understand
8 If for a two – diamantine potential flow, the velocity potential is given
by ϕ = x (2y −1) determine the velocity at the point P(4,5). Determine
also the value of stream function Ψ at the point P.
BT-3 Application
9 The velocity component for a two dimensional incompressible flow
are given by u =3x – 2y and v = -3y – 2x. Show that the velocity
potential exists. Determine the velocity potential function and stream
BT-3 Application
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function.
10 An oil of sp .Gr. 0.8 is flowing through a venturimeter having an inlet
diameter 20 cm and throat diameter 10 cm. The oil mercury
differential manometer shows a reading of 25 cm. Examine the
discharge of oil through the horizontal venturimeter, Take CD = 0.98.
BT-4 Analyse
11 (i) A pitot static tube is used to measure the velocity of water in a pipe.
The stagnation pressure head is 6m and static pressure head is 5m.
Calculate the velocity of flow assuming the coefficient of tube equal to
0.98.
(ii) An orifice meter with orifice diameter 15cm is inserted in a pipe of
30 cm diameter. The pressure difference measured by a mercury oil
differential manometer on the two sides of the orifice meter gives a
reading of 50 cm of mercury. Fine the rate of flow of oil of sp.gr 0.9
When the coefficient of discharge of the orifice meter = 0.64.
BT-4 Analyse
12 A 400 x 200 mm venturimeter is provided in a vertical pipe line
carrying oil of relative density 0.9, the flow being upwards. The
difference in elevation of the throat section and entrance section of the
venturimeter is 30 cm. The differential U tube mercury manometer
shows a gauge deflection of 250 mm. calculate the discharge of oil, if
the coefficient of meter is 0.98.
BT-4 Analyse
13 (i) A two dimensional flow is described by the velocity components, u
= 5x3 and v = -15x2y. Determine the stream function, velocity and
acceleration at point P (x= 1m ; y = 2m) (7)
(ii) A 40 cm diameter pipe, conveying water, branches into two pipes
of diameters 30cm and 20cm respectively. If the average velocity in
the 40 cm diameter pipe is 3m/s, find the discharge in this pipe. Also
determine the velocity in 20 cm pipe if the average velocity in the 30
cm diameter pipe is 2m/s. (6)
BT-5 Evaluate
14 Derive 3D continuity equation in differential form BT-6 Create
PART-C
1. If for a two dimensional potential flow, the velocity potential function is
given by ɸ = x (2y-1), determine the velocity at the point P (4,5).
Determine also the value of stream function (Ψ) at the point P.
BT-1 Remember
2. i) The water is flowing through a pipe having diameter 300mm and 200
mm at the sections at the bottom and upper end respectively. The
intensity of pressure at the bottom end is 24.5N/cm2
and the pressure
at upper end is 9.81 N/cm2.
Determine the difference in datum head if
the rate of flow through the pipe is 40L/s. (7)
ii) A piping system consists of three pipes arranged in series
Pipe Length Diameter
AB 2000 m 40 cm
BC 1500 m 30 cm
BT-3 Application
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CD 1000 m 20 cm
Transform the system to (1) an equivalent length of 30 cm diameter
(2) an equivalent diameter for the pipe 4500m long. (8)
3. The inlet and throat diameter of a horizontal venturimeter are 30cm
and 10 cm respectively. The Liquid flowing through the meter is
water. The pressure intensity at inlet is 13.734 N/cm2. While the
vacuum pressure head at the throat is 37cm of mercury. Find the rate
of flow. Assume that 4% of the differential head is lost between the
inlet and throat. Find also the value of Cd for the venture meter.
BT-4 Analyse
4. The water is flowing through a taper pipe of length 100 m having
diameter 600 mm at the upper end and 300 mm at the lower end, At
the rate of 50 lit/sec. The pipe has a slope of 1 in 30. Find the pressure
at the pressure at the lower end if the pressure at the higher level is
19.62 N/m2
BT-2 Understand
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UNIT III DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND MODEL STUDIES 9
Fundamental dimensions - dimensional homogeneity - Rayleigh‟s method and Buckingham Pi- theorem -
dimensionless parameters - similitudes and model studies - distorted models.
Part A
Q.No Questions
BT
Level
Competence
1
Define the term dimensional homogeneity. What are the uses of
dimensional homogeneity?
BT-1
Remembering
2 Distinguish between Geometric similarity and Kinematic similarity. BT-4 Analyzing
3 List the steps in determining the π groups. BT-1 Remembering
4 Examine whether the equation V = √2gH is dimensionally homogenous. BT-4 Analyzing
5 Classify the methods of dimensional analysis. BT-2 Understanding
6 Define Similitude and Scale ratio. BT-1 Remembering
7
Evaluate the dimensions of the following physical quantities:
a. Pressure b. Surface tension c. Dynamic viscosity d. Kinematic viscosity
BT-5
Evaluating
8 Write short note on Dynamic similarity. BT-3 Applying
9 Explain about model and model analysis. BT-2 Understanding
10 Define dimensionless numbers and list any two dimensionless numbers BT-1 Remembering
11 Illustrate the three demerits of a distorted model. BT-2 Understanding
12
Write two examples of a fluid flow situation where Froude model law is
applied.
BT-6
Creating
13 Distinguishbetween model and prototype. BT-4 Analyzing
14 State the Buckingham‟s π-theorem. BT-1 Remembering
15 Define Reynold‟s number. BT-1 Remembering
16 Apply the significance of Reynolds number and Prandtl number. BT-3 Applying
17
Explain the advantages of model testing. BT-5
Evaluating
18 Write short note on distorted model and undistorted model. BT-3 Applying
19 Develop the expression for Froude number BT-6 Creating
20 Show the applications of model testing. BT-2 Understanding
21 State Mach's model law BT-1 Remembering
22 List various model laws applied in model analysis BT-1 Remembering
23
Write the dimensions for the following 1) Dynamic viscosity 2) Force
3) Mass Density 4) Power
BT-5
Evaluating
24 List the primary and derived quantities BT-1 Remembering
25 Define scale effect BT-1 Remembering
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1. i. Define and explain about the Buckingham‟s π-theorem.
ii. Check the dimensional homogeneity of the following common equations in the
field of hydraulics. a) Q = Cd. a.√2gH b) V = C
BT-1 Remembering
2. The efficiency η of a fan depends on density „ρ‟, dynamic viscosity „μ‟, and
angular velocity „ω‟, diameter D of the rotor and the discharge Q. Evaluate η in
terms of dimensionless parameters using Buckingham‟s π method.
BT-5 Evaluating
3. The resisting force (R) of a supersonic flight can be considered as dependent upon
length of aircraft (l), velocity (V), air viscosity „μ‟, air density „ρ‟, and bulk
modulus of air „ k‟. State the functional relationship between these variables and
the resisting force.
BT-1 Remembering
4. By dimensional analysis, Show that the power P developed by a hydraulic turbine
is given by P = ρN3D5f [N2 D2/ gH] where ρ - mass density of liquid, N -
rotational speed, D – diameter of runner, H working head and g - acceleration due
to gravity.
BT-3 Applying
5. A 7.2 m height and 15 m long spillway discharge 94 m3/s, under a head of 2 m. If
a 1:9 scale model of this spillway is to be constructed, determine model
dimensions, head over spillway model and the model discharge. If model
experience a force of 7500N, Calculate the force on the prototype.
BT-3 Applying
6. The variables controlling the motion of a floating vessel through water the drag
force F, speed V, length L, density ρ, and dynamic viscosity μ of water and
acceleration due to gravity g. Construct an expression for F by dimensional
analysis.
BT-6 Creating
7. Using Buckingham‟s π theorem, Examine whether the velocity through a circular
pipe orifice is given by, V = √2gHϕ [ D/H , μ/ ρѵH ] where H = Head causing
flow, D = diameter of orifice, μ = coefficient of viscosity ρ = mass density, g =
acceleration due to gravity.
BT-4 Analyzing
8. i. An oil of specific gravity 0.91 and viscosity of 0.03 poise is to be transported at
the rate of 3 m3/s through a 1.3 m diameter pipe, Model tests were conducted on
130 mm diameter pipe using water having a viscosity of 0.01 poise. Estimate the
velocity of flow and discharge in the model.
ii. Discuss briefly the three types of Similarities between the model and the
prototype.
BT-2 Understanding
9. i. The efficiency of the fan depends on the density (ρ) dynamic viscosity (μ)
angular viscosity (ω), diameter (D), Discharge (Q). Express efficiency in terms of
dimensionless parameters using Rayleigh's method. (8)
ii. Define similitude and mention the three types of similarity with definition. (5)
BT-4 Analyzing
10. The frictional torque T of a disc diameter D rotating at a speed N in a fluid of
viscosity μ and density ρ in a turbulent flow is given by T = D5 N2ρ ϕ [μ/ D2N ρ].
Prove this by the method of dimensions.
BT-4 Analyzing
11 It is desired to obtain the dynamic similarity between a 30 cm diameter pipe
carrying linseed oil at 0.5 m3/s and a 5 m diameter pipe carrying water. What
should be the rate of flow of water in lps. If the pressure loss in the model is 196
N/m2, Estimate the pressure loss in the prototype pipe. Kinematic viscosities of
linseed oil and water are 0.457 and 0.0113 stokes respectively. Specific gravity of
linseed oil 0.82.
BT-2 Understanding
12 A spillway model is to be built to a scale ratio of 1:40 across a flume of 600 mm
width. The prototype is 10 m high and maximum head expected is 1.5 m.
i. Calculate the height of the model and the head on the model.
ii. Calculate the flow over the prototype when the flow over the model is 12 lps.
iii. If a negative pressure of 0.15 m occurs in the model, what will be the negative
BT-1 Remembering
PART –B
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pressure in the prototype? Is this practically possible to occur. State it.
13 i. The pressure drop in an airplane model of size 1/10 of its prototype is 80 N/cm2.
The model is tested in water. Analyse the corresponding pressure drop in the
prototype. Take density of air = 1.24 kg/m3. The viscosity of water is 0.01 poise
while the viscosity of air is 0.00018 poise. (7)
ii. A 1.64 model is constructed on open channel in concrete which has manning‟s
N = 0.014. Find the value of N for the models. (6)
BT-4 Analyzing
14 i. A pipe of dia 1.5 m is required to transport an oil of specific gravity 0.9 and
viscosity 3x 10-2 poise at the rate of 3000 l/s. Tests were conducted on 15cm
diameter by using water at 200c. Find the velocity and rate of flow in the model.
Viscosity of water at 200c= 0.01 poise (8)
ii. List out the types of forces acting in a moving fluid and explain it briefly.
BT-1 Remembering
PART-C
1. Define Similitude and discuss its type of similarities in detail. BT-1 Remembering
2.
The efficiency ŋ of geometrically similar fans depends upon the mass
density of air ƿ , its viscosity µ , speed of the fan N (revolutions per
second) , diameter of blades D and discharge Q . Perform dimensional
analysis using Buckingham‟s theorem.
BT-3 Applying
3.
Discuss the types of non-dimensional numbers and derive any two of
them.Also explain the significances of these dimensionless numbers for
fluid flow problem.
BT-2 Understanding
4.
Consider the problem of computing the drag force on a body moving
through a fluid. Let D, ρ, μ, l, and V be drag force, specific mass of the
fluid, dynamic viscosity of the fluid, body reference length, and body
velocity, respectively..
BT-4 Analyzing
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UNIT IV FLOW THROUGH PIPES 9
Reynold‟s experiment - laminar flow through circular pipe (Hagen poiseulle's) - hydraulic and energy gradient
– flow through pipes - Darcy - Weisbach's equation - pipe roughness -friction factor- Moody's diagram- major
and minor losses of flow in pipes - pipes in series and in parallel.
PART -A
Q.No Questions
BT
Level
Competence
1. Name the characteristics of laminar flow. BT-1 Remember
2.
Describe the factors to be determined when viscous fluid flows through the
circular pipe.
BT-1 Remember
3. Define H.G.L BT-1 Remember
4. Define Reynolds number BT-1 Remember
5. Define the term „Vena Contract‟. BT-1 Remember
6. Define a) pipes in series b) pipes in parallel? BT-1 Remember
7. Differentiate Major and Minor headloss BT-2 Understand
8.
Predict the head lost due to friction in a pipe of diameter 300 mm and length 50 m,
through which water is flowing at a velocity of 3 m/s. Take kinematic viscosity of
water is 0.01 stoke.
BT-2 Understand
9. Differentiate laminar and turbulent flow. BT-2 Understand
10.
Describe Darcy formula. How will you interpret the loss of head due to friction in
pipes?
BT-2 Understand
11.
Using Hagen Poisuille‟s derivation, show the formula for average velocity and
velocity distribution.
BT-3 Application
12. Illustrate the expression for drop of pressure for a given length of a pipe. BT-3 Application
13. Relate an expression for co efficient of friction in terms of shear stress. BT-3 Application
14. Compare hydraulic gradient line with total energy line. BT-4 Analyse
15. Explain the significance of Moody diagram. BT-4 Analyse
16. Explain the terms a) major energy loss, b) minor energy loss. BT-4 Analyse
17. Formulate Hagen Poisuille‟s equation. BT-5 Evaluate
18.
Formulate an expression for loss of head due to sudden enlargement and sudden
contraction of the pipes.
BT-5 Evaluate
19. Summarize the properties of pipe roughness BT-6 Create
20.
Draw and assess the shear stress and velocity distribution diagram for the viscous
flow in a circular conduit.
BT-6 Create
21 What are the fluid machines or hydraulic ? BT-1 Remember
22 Define gross head of the turbine BT-1 Remember
23 What are the efficiencies of a turbine? BT-1 Remember
24 Define impulse and reaction turbine BT-1 Remember
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PART –B
1.
An oil of Sp.Gr 0.9 and viscosity 0.06 poise is flowing through a pipe of diameter
200 mm at the rate of 60 liters/sec. Identify the head lost due to friction for a
500 m length of pipe. Also identify the power required to maintain this flow.
BT-1 Remember
2.
Examine the head lost due to friction in a pipe of diameter 300mm and length
50m, through which water is flowing at a velocity of 3m/s using (i) Darcy
formula, (ii) Chezy‟s formula for which C = 60.
BT-1 Remember
3.
An oil of viscosity 0.1NS/m2 and relative density 0.9 is flowing through a circular
pipe of diameter 5cm and of length 300m. The rate of flow of fluid through the
pipe is 3.5 liters/sec. Examine the pressure drop in a length of 300 m and also the
shear stress at the pipe wall.
BT-1 Remember
4.
The rate of flow of water through a horizontal pipe is 0.25 m3
/s. The diameter of
the pipe which is 200 mm is suddenly enlarged to 400 mm. The pressure intensity
in the smaller is 11.772 N/cm2
. Identify the (i) loss of head due to sudden
enlargement, (ii) pressure intensity in the large pipe, (iii) power lost due to
enlargement.
BT-1 Remember
5.
i) A crude oil of kinematic viscosity 0.4 stoke is flowing through a pipe of
diameter 300 mm at the rate of 300 litres per sec. Estimate the head lost due to
friction for a length of 50 m of the pipe. (7)
ii) An oil of viscosity 1 N-s/m2 flows between two parallel fixed plates which are
kept at a distance of 50 mm apart. Estimate the discharge of oil between the
plates. If the drop of pressure in a length of 1.2m be 3 kN/m2. The width of the
plate is 200mm. (6)
BT-2 Understand
6.
The difference in water surface levels in two tanks, which are connected by three
pipes in series of lengths 300 m, 170 m and 210 m and of diameters 300 mm, 200
mm and 400 mm respectively, is 12m. Estimate the rate of flow of water if co –
efficient of friction are 0.005, 0.0052 and 0.0048 respectively, considering:
(i) minor losses also (ii) neglecting minor losses.
BT-2 Understand
7.
Two pipes of diameter 400mm and 200mm are each 300m long. When the pipes
are connected in series the discharge through the pipeline is 0.10m3/sec, Estimate
the loss of head incurred. What would be the loss of head in the system to pass
the same total discharge when the pipes are connected in parallel. Take friction
factor = 0.0075 for each pipe.
BT-2 Understand
8.
Derive an expression for the loss of head due to sudden enlargement and sudden
contraction of a pipe.
BT-3 Application
9.
A main pipe divides into 2 parallel pipes which again forms one pipe as shown in fig.
the length and diameter for the 1st
parallel pipe are 2000 m and 1 m respectively,
while the length and diameter of 2nd
parallel pipe are 2000 m and 0.8 m. Calculate the
rate of flow in each parallel pipe, if the total flow in the main is 3 m3
/s. the coefficient
of friction for each parallel pipe is same and equal to 0.005.
BT-3 Application
25 Classification of hydraulic machines BT-2 Understand
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10.
A pipe of diameter 20 cm and length 2000 m is connects two reservoirs, having
difference of water levels as 20 m. Analyse the discharge through the pipe. If an
additional pipe of diameter 20 cm and length 1200 m is attached to the last 1200
m length of the existing pipe, find the increase in the discharge. Take f = 0.015
and neglect minor losses.
BT-4 Analyse
11.
A pipe line of 0.6 m diameter is 1.5 km long. To increase the discharge another line
of the same diameter is introduced parallel to the first in the second half of the length.
Neglecting minor losses, analyse the increase in discharge if 4f = 0.04. The head at
inlet is 300 mm.
BT-4 Analyse
12.
Analyse the rate of flow of water through a pipe of diameter 20 cm and length 50 m
when one end of the pipe is connected to a tank and other end of the pipe is open to
the atmosphere. The pipe is horizontal and the height of water in the tank is 4 m
above the center of the pipe. Consider all minor losses and take f = 0.009 in the
formula hf = (4fLV2
)/(2gd)
BT-4 Analyse
13.
A pipe of diameter 20 cm and length 2000 m is connects two reservoirs, having
difference of water levels as 20 m. design the discharge through the pipe. If an
additional pipe of diameter 20 cm and length 1200 m is attached to the last 1200
m length of the existing pipe, compose the increase in the discharge. Take f =
0.015 and neglect minor losses.
BT-5 Evaluate
14.
i) If a pipe line of 300 mm diameter and 3200 m long is used to pump up 50 kg per
second of oil whose density is 950 kg/m3
and whose kinematic viscosity is 2.1 stokes,
the center of the pipe line at the upper end is 40 m above than that at the lower end
and the discharge at upper end is atmospheric, decide the pressure at the lower end &
draw and assess the hydraulic gradient and the total energy line.
(9)
ii) A pipe line 60 cm diameter bifurcates at a Y- junction into two branches 40 cm
and 30 cm in diameter. If the rate of flow in the main pipe is 1.5 m3
/s and mean
velocity of flow in 30 cm diameter pipe is 7.5 m/s, measure the rate of flow in the 40
cm diameter pipe. (4)
BT-6 Create
PART –C
1. Derive an expression for Hagen Poisuille‟s equation. BT-3 Apply
2.
i) Compare chezy‟s formula with Darcy‟s formula. (5)
ii) Expalin an expression for the Darcy weisbach equation. (10) BT-4 Analyse
3.
Design the loss of head if the pipes are connected in series (compound pipes),
equivalent and in parallel.
BT-5 Analyse
4.
A horizontal pipe line 40 m long is connected to a water tank at one end
discharges freely into the atmosphere at the other end. For the first 25 m of its
length from the tank, the pipe is 150 mm diameter and its diameter is suddenly
enlarged to 300 mm. The height of water level in the tank is 8 m above the centre
of the pipe. Considering all losses of head which occur, measure the rate of flow
(discharge). Take Darcy‟s co-efficient of friction as 0.01 for both sections of the
pipe.
BT-6 Create
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UNIT V BOUNDARY LAYER 9
Boundary layer – definition- boundary layer on a flat plate – laminar and turbulent boundary layer-
displacement, energy and momentum thickness – Momentum integral equation-Boundary layer separation
and control – drag on flat plate.
Part A
Q.No Questions
BT
Level
Competence
1. List out the methods of preventing the separation of a Boundary layer. BT-1 Remember
2. List out the assumptions made in the analysis of boundary layer development. BT-1 Remember
3. Describe the term Laminar Sub – layer? BT-1 Remember
4. Define boundary layer thickness BT-1 Remember
5. List out the conditions for separation of boundary layer. BT-1 Remember
6. Define energy thickness. BT-1 Remember
7. Differentiate displacement thickness and energy thickness. BT-2 Understand
8. Differentiate between Laminar boundary layer and turbulent boundary layer. BT-2 Understand
9. Distinguish between local co-efficient of drag and average co-efficient of drag. BT-2 Understand
10. Discuss about the applications of Von Karman momentum integral equation. BT-2 Understand
11. Illustrate the term “Boundary Layer”. BT-3 Application
12. Illustrate the terms: Drag and Lift. BT-3 Application
13. Illustrate the examples of formation of boundary layer in day to day life. BT-3 Application
14. Explain the diagram for drag force on a plate due to boundary layer. BT-4 Analyse
15.
Infer how the drag and lift acting on a body moving in a fluid of density ρ at a
uniform velocity U are calculated mathematically.
BT-4 Analyse
16. Explain the Boundary layer theory. BT-4 Analyse
17. Generalize the drag force from a lift force? BT-5 Evaluate
18.
Formulate the values of boundary layer thickness and drag co – efficient for
Blasius‟s solution.
BT-5 Evaluate
19. Assess the Von Karman momentum integral equation. BT-6 Create
20. Recommend the boundary conditions for the velocity profiles. BT-6 Create
21 What is the work done by reciprocating pump per second. BT-1 Remember
22 Define slip and % slip. BT-1 Remember
23 Define Laminar boundary layer BT-1 Remember
24 Define transition zone BT-1 Remember
25 Define kinetic energy correction factor BT-1 Remember
PART – B
1.
For the velocity profile for laminar boundary layer u/U = (3/2)(y/ δ) – (1/2)
(y/δ)3
.
Identify the boundary layer thickness, shear stress, drag force and coefficient of
drag in terms of Reynold Number.
BT-1 Remember
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2.
Air is flowing over a flat plate 500 mm long and 600 mm wide with a velocity
of 4 m/s. The kinematic viscosity of air is given as 0.15 x 10-4
m2
/s. Identify i)
the boundary layer thickness at the end of the plate, ii) shear stress at 200 mm
from the leading edge and iii) drag force on one side of the plate. Take the
velocity profile over the plate as u/U = sin (π/2y/δ) and density of air is 1.24
kg/m3
.
BT-1 Remember
3.
For the following velocity profiles, Examine whether the flow has or on the
verge of separation or will attach with the surface:
i) u/U = 3/2 (y/ δ) –1/2 (y/ δ)3
ii) u/U = 2 (y/ δ)2
– (y/ δ)3
iii) u/U = - 2 (y/ δ) + (y/ δ)2
BT-1 Remember
4.
Define the terms displacement thickness and momentum thickness and also
derive an expression for the displacement thickness and momentum thickness
in boundary layer with necessary assumptions.
BT-1 Remember
5.
Discuss the concept of boundary layer formation, derive the expression for
displacement thickness and list the methods of boundary layer separation.
BT-2 Understand
6.
For the velocity profile for laminar boundary layer u/U = 3/2 (y/ δ) –1/2 (y/
δ)3
find the thickness of the boundary layer and the shear stress 1.5 m from the
leading edge of a plate. The plate is 2 m long and 1.4 m wide and is placed in
water which is moving with a velocity of 200 mm per second. Estimate the
total drag force on the plate if μ for water = 0.01 poise.
BT-2 Understand
7.
A plate of length 750 mm and width 250 mm has been placed longitudinally in
a stream of crude oil which flows with a velocity of 5 m/s. If the crude oil has
a specific gravity of 0.8 and kinematic viscosity of 1 stoke, Estimate:
i) Boundary layer thickness at the middle of the plate.
ii) Shear stress at the middle of the plate.
iii) Friction drag on one side of the plate.
BT-2 Understand
8.
i) Calculate the thickness of the boundary layer at the trailing edge of smooth
plate of length 4 m and of the width 1.5 m, when the plate is moving with a
velocity of 4 m/s in stationary air. Take kinematic viscosity of air as 1.5 x 10-5
m2
/s. (7)
ii) Oil with a free-stream velocity of 3 m/s flows over a thin plate of 1.25 m
wide and 2 m long. Calculate the boundary layer thickness at mid length and
also calculate the total double sided resistance of the plate. Take density as
860 kg/m3
and kinematic viscosity as 10-5
m2
/s. (6)
BT-3 Application
9.
For the velocity profile for laminar boundary layer u/U = 2(y/ δ) – 2(y/ δ)3
+ (y/
δ)4
derive an expression for boundary layer thickness, shear stress, drag force
on one side of the plate and co – efficient of drag in terms of Reynold number.
BT-3 Application
10.
Analyze the displacement thickness, the momentum thickness and energy
thickness for the velocity distribution in the boundary layer given by u/U =y/
δ, where u is the velocity at a distance y from the plate and u = U at y = δ,
where δ = boundary layer thickness. Also calculate the value of δ*/θ.
BT-4 Analyse
11.
Analyze the displacement thickness, the momentum thickness and energy
thickness for the velocity distribution in the boundary layer given by u/U = 2
BT-4 Analyse
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(y/ δ) – (y/ δ)2
.
12.
Analyze the following boundary layer parameters for the velocity distribution
u/U = (y/ δ)2/3
: i) Displacement thickness, ii) Momentum thickness, iii) Energy
thickness, iv) Shape factor.
BT-4 Analyse
13.
A plate of 600 mm length and 400 mm wide is immersed in a fluid of sp.gr 0.9
and kinematic viscosity v= 10-4
m2
/s. The fluid is moving with the velocity of
6m/s. Design:
(i) BL thickness
(ii) Shear stress at the end of the plate
(iii) Drag force on one of the sides of the plate.
BT-5 Evaluate
14.
A flat plate of 2 m width and 5 m length is kept parallel to air flowing at 4 m/s
velocity. Measure
i) The length of the plate over which the boundary layer is laminar
ii) Boundary layer thickness
iii) Shear stress
Take density = 1.2 kg/m3
and kinematic viscosity as 1.4 × 10-5
m2
/s.
BT-6 Create
PART –C
1.
A thin plate is moving in still atmospheric air at a velocity of 5 m/s. The length
of the plate is 0.6 m and width is 0.5 m. Estimate :
i) The thickness of the boundary layer at the end of the plate
ii) Drag force on one side of the plate.
Take density of air as 1.24 kg/m3
and kinematic viscosity of 0.15 stokes.
BT-2 Understand
2. Analyze an expression for a drag force on a flat plate due to boundary layer. BT-4 Analyse
3.
Briefly explain the terms
i) Laminar Boundary Layer
ii) Turbulent Boundary Layer
iii) Boundary Layer Thickness
iv) Laminar Sub-Layer
BT-4 Analyse
4. Formulate an expression for Von Karman momentum integral equation. BT-5 Evaluate
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DEPARTMENT OF CIVILENGINEERING
CE 6002 CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY QUESTION BANK
S.no
UNIT
NO.
BT1 BT2 BT3 BT4 BT5 BT6
TotalQuestio
n
1 Unit-1
Part-A 10 4 3 3 3 2 25
Part-B 4 3 2 3 1 1 14
Part-C 1 1 1 1 4
2 Unit-2
Part-A 10 5 3 3 2 2 25
Part-B 4 3 2 3 1 1 14
Part- C 1 1 1 1 4
3 Unit-3
Part-A 10 4 3 3 3 2 25
Part-B 4 3 2 3 1 1 14
Part- C 1 1 1 1 4
4 Unit-4
Part-A
10 5 3 3 2 2 25
Part-B
4 3 2 3 1 1 14
Part- C 1 1 1 1 4
5 Unit-5
Part-A 11 4 3 3 2 2 25
Part-B 4 3 2 3 1 1 14
Part- C 1 1 1 1 4
TOTAL NO.OF QUESTIONS IN EACH PART
PART A 125
PART B 70
PART C 20
TOTAL 215
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