cell cycle and its application in tissue engineering
- 1. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle KEY CONCEPT Cell cycle regulation is necessary for healthy growth.
- 2. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle Internal and external factors regulate cell division. • External factors include physical and chemical signals. • Growth factors are proteins that stimulate cell division. – Most mammal cells form a single layer in a culture dish and stop dividing once they touch other cells.
- 3. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Two of the most important internal factors are kinases and cyclins. • External factors trigger internal factors, which affect the cell cycle.
- 4. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle – a normal feature of healthy organisms – caused by a cell’s production of self-destructive enzymes – occurs in development of infants webbed fingers • Apoptosis is programmed cell death.
- 5. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle Cell division is uncontrolled in cancer. • Cancer cells form disorganized clumps called tumors. cancer cell bloodstream normal cell – Benign tumors remain clustered and can be removed. – Malignant tumors metastasize, or break away, and can form more tumors.
- 6. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Cancer cells do not carry out necessary functions. • Cancer cells come from normal cells with damage to genes involved in cell-cycle regulation.
- 7. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Carcinogens are substances known to promote cancer. • Standard cancer treatments typically kill both cancerous and healthy cells.
- 8. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle Review Questions 1. A substance that causes cancer is ___________ 2. What is a harmless tumor called? And those that break away and spread throughout body? 3. Term for cells that travel to other parts of body. 4. Proteins that stimulate cell division. 5. What is one main difference between a normal cell and a cancer cell? 6. What are two ways that cell division is regulated in healthy cells?
- 9. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle Answers 1. Carcinogen 2. Benign, malignant 3. Metastasize 4. Growth factors 5. Normal cells stop dividing when they touch each other. Cancer cells do not respond to normal signals and form clumps of cells. 6. External factors cause internal factors to help a cell move through the cell cycle. And programmed cell or apoptosis occurs then cells need to naturally die.
- 10. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle
- 11. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle
- 12. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle More examples of eukaryotes that reproduce through asexual reproducation!
- 13. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle Review Questions: 1. Asexual reproduction results in genetically _________ daughter cells. 2. Binary fission is when a single-celled organism divides into ____ daughter cells. 3. Through what process do prokaryotes reproduce asexually? What process do eukaryotes reproduce asexually?
- 14. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle Answers 1. Identical 2. Two 3. Binary fission 4. mitosis
- 15. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle
- 16. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle
- 17. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle
- 18. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle All cells have the same DNA!! • So why do stomach cells function differently than skin cells if they have the same DNA? Because different types of cells simply use different genes contained in the DNA. Skin cells use one part of DNA and stomach cells use another.
- 19. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle
- 20. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle