Cell Structure & Function | Cambridge IGCSE Biology
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This IGCSE Biology presentation provides a detailed look at cell structure and function, covering the differences between animal and plant cells, the roles of organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, etc.), specialized cells, and levels of organization. Learn about diffusion, osmosis, and active transport in cells, with clear diagrams and explanations to support exam preparation. A must-have resource for Cambridge IGCSE students!
Cell Structure & Function | Cambridge IGCSE Biology
- 1. Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html Chapter Two(02) & FUNCTION CELL STRUCTURE
- 2. BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 2 Objectives • Describe the structure of plant cells and animal cells • Describe the functions of the different parts of cells • Describe tissues, organs and organ systems.
- 3. The Cell Theory • All living things are made up of cells. • Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. • All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 3
- 4. Definition of Cell ❖ A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 4
- 5. Two Types of Cells •Prokaryotic Cells •Eukaryotic Cells BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 5
- 6. Prokaryotic Cells • Do not have structures surrounded by membranes • Few internal structures • One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 6
- 7. Eukaryotic • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes • Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 7 BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 7
- 8. “Typical”Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 8 BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 8
- 9. http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif “Typical”Plant Cell BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 9 BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 9
- 10. Cell Parts Organelles BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 10
- 11. Surrounding the Cell BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 11
- 12. Cell Membrane • Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell • Made of a Phospholipid Bilayer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 12 BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 12
- 13. Cell Wall • Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria • In plants, they’re made of cellulose, in Bacteria made of Peptidoglycan and in Fungi made of Chitin • Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 13 BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 13
- 14. Inside the Cell BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 14
- 15. Nucleus • Directs cell activities • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane • Contains genetic material – DNA, which makes up the chromosome. BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 15 BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 15
- 16. Nuclear Membrane/Envelope • Surrounds nucleus • Made of two layers • Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 16 BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 16
- 17. Chromosomes • In nucleus • Made of DNA • Contain instructions for traits & characteristics BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 17 17
- 18. Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 18 18
- 19. Cytoplasm • Gel-like mixture • Surrounded by cell membrane • Contains hereditary material BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 19 19
- 20. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Moves materials around in cell • Smooth type: lacks ribosomes • Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 20 20
- 21. Ribosomes • Each cell contains thousands • Make proteins • Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 21 21
- 22. Mitochondria • Cannot be seen under the light microscope. • Found in both animal and plant cells. • Site of aerobic respiration. • Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates • Controls level of water and other materials in cell • Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 22 22
- 23. Golgi Bodies • Protein 'packaging plant' • Move materials within the cell • Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 23 23
- 24. Lysosome • Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates • Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal • Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 24 24
- 25. Vacuoles • Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal • Contains water solution • Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 25 25
- 26. Chloroplast • Usually found in plant cells • Contains green chlorophyll • Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 26
- 27. Bacterial Cells BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 27
- 28. Bacterial Cells BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 28
- 29. Specialized Cells BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 29
- 30. Specialized Cells BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 30
- 31. BLESSING NDAZIE CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 31