Cells Intro Sub
- 1. CELLS VOCABULARY CELL THEORY
- 2. VOCABULARY cell (plasma) membrane – controls entry into and out of the cell cell plate – new cell wall that forms in plant cells during mitosis cell wall – provides shape and structure to plant cells centrioles – involved in animal cell mitosis chlorophyll – pigment that traps light and is used to produce food for plants chloroplasts – site of food production in plant cells chromatid – duplicated chromosome chromosomes – long, threadlike groups of genes, made of DNA, found in the nucleus
- 3. VOCABULARY cytoplasm – jellylike substance that supports organelles cytosol – watery substance (semi-fluid) cytoskeleton – hollow microtubules, provide shape and structure endoplasmic reticulum – surface for chemical reactions to take place, also a pathway for transport, can be rough (with ribosomes) or smooth (without ribosomes) fluid mosaic model – model for the strucure of the cell membrane genes – units of heredity Golgi apparatus – site of packaging and tranport (secretion) in the cell lysosome – digestion center
- 4. VOCABULARY microtubule – microscopic cylinders that support and give the cell shape mitochondria – powerhouse nuclear membrane – structure that controls what enters and exits the nucleus nuclear pores – tiny holes in the nuclear membrane nucleolus – found in nucleus, where ribosomes are produced nucleus – control center of the cell, contains chromosomes phospholipid bilayer – components of the cell membrane plastid – contains water and dissolved minerals ribosomes – site where proteins are synthesized vacuole – storage center for the cell, holds pigments, waste, food, etc.
- 5. Cell Theory: History Anton van Leewenhoek (1600’s) master lens maker created own microscopes 1 st to describe and draw bacteria detailed structures of small insects sperm cells of various organisms
- 6. Cell Theory: History Robert Hooke (1600’s) also made microscopes examined cork layer of oak tree observed rows of compartments and called them “cells”
- 7. Cell Theory: History Matthias Schleiden (1838) botanist – studied variety of plants said plants “are aggregates of fully individualized, independent and separate beings; namely the cells themselves” translation: Plants are made of cells!
- 8. Cell Theory: History Theodor Schwann (1839) reported all animals are also made of cells proposed cellular basis for all life
- 9. Cell Theory: History Rudolf Virchow (1855) “The animal arises from an animal and the plant only from a plant.”
- 10. Cell Theory: History The work of all of these scientists led to modern day cell theory. Cell Theory Cells are the basic units of life. All organisms are made of one or more cells. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.