Cengel ch12

CHAPTER
12

Gas Mixtures

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

FIGURE 12-1
The mass of a
mixture is equal to
the sum of the masses
of its components.

12-1


FIGURE 12-2
The number of moles of
a nonreacting mixture is
equal to the sum of the
number of moles of its
components.

12-2


FIGURE 12-3
The sum of the mole
fractions of a mixture is
equal to 1.

12-3


FIGURE 12-5
Dalton’s law of additive
pressures for a mixture
of two ideal gases.

12-4


FIGURE 12-6
Amagat’s law of
additive volumes
for a mixture of
two ideal gases.

12-5


FIGURE 12-7
The volume a component
would occupy if it existed
alone at the mixture T and P
is called the component
volume (for ideal gases, it is
equal to the partial volume
yiVm).

12-6


FIGURE 12-8
One way of predicting
the P-v-T behavior of
a real-gas mixture is
to use compressibility
factors.

12-7


FIGURE 12-9
Another way of
predicting the P-v-T
behavior of a real-gas
mixture is to treat it
as a pseudopure
substance with
critical properties P′ cr
and T′ cr .

12-8


FIGURE 12-13
Partial pressures (not the
mixture pressure) are used
in the evaluation of entropy
changes of ideal-gas
mixtures.

12-9


FIGURE 12-16
It is difficult to
predict the behavior
of nonideal-gas
mixtures because of
the influence of
dissimilar gas
molecules on each
other.

12-10


FIGURE 12-18
For a pure
substance, the
chemical potential is
equivalent to the
Gibbs function.

12-11


FIGURE 12-20
The specific volume
and enthalpy of
individual
components do not
change during
mixing if they form
an ideal solution
(this is not the case
for entropy).

12-12


FIGURE 12-21
For a naturally
occurring process
during which no
work is produced or
consumed, the
reversible work is
equal to the exergy
destruction.

12-13


FIGURE 12-22
Under reversible
conditions, the work
consumed during
separation is equal
to the work
produced during the
reverse process of
mixing.

12-14


FIGURE 12-23
The minimum work
required to separate
a two-component
mixture for the two
limiting cases.

12-15


FIGURE 12-24
The osmotic
pressure and the
osmotic rise of saline
water.

12-16


FIGURE 12-25
Power can be produced
by mixing solutions of
different concentrations
reversibly.

12-17

Cengel ch12

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Cengel ch12