New Deal Ch 12
- 1. : •Americans blamed Hoover for economic problems •FDR was assistant secretary of navy and governor of New York prior to running for president •FDR criticized Hoover’s response to the depression •Roosevelt planned to turn the economy around by providing relief for the poor; public works programs; lowering tariffs I. The Election of 1932 Incumbent--(of an official or regime) currently holding office.
- 2. • People identified with Roosevelt’s struggles and admired his courage • Believed government’s role should be expanded to help solve social problems • FDR was a reform-minded Democrat • Eleanor Roosevelt became involved in social issues and spoke publicly about injustices II. A Political Partnership
- 3. III. Roosevelt takes Action: The New Deal- The First Hundred Days Program of relief, recovery, and reform Relief for those suffering the effects of the Great Depression Recovery of the depressed economy Reforms that would help prevent serious economic crises in the future. Objectives were to provide emergency assistance to the needy, to end the existing depression, and to prevent similar problems in the future
- 4. New Deal Programs •Known as initialisms because of the abbreviations for the new agencies •Called Alphabet Soup • The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA): gave subsidy to farmers to grow fewer crops. • National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA): mandated that businesses cooperate with each other to set prices and levels of production. • The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): Americans were paid to work on a variety of conservation projects.
- 5. •Called a “bank holiday” to prevent more withdrawals and bank failures •Had congress enact banking reforms •Passed the Emergency Banking Act and the FDIC -Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
- 6. TVA •The Tennessee Valley Authority’s goal was to transform the region by developing the resources of the Tennessee River
- 7. : • The Federal Securities Act helped by forcing companies to share certain financial information with the public; helped investors make wiser choices; and restored confidence in the fairness of the markets Roosevelt Takes Action (cont.)
- 8. : • Liberals thought it didn’t do enough • Conservatives thought it went too far • Some provisions were struck down by the Supreme Court • Father Charles Coughlin, once a supporter of FDR, turned against him because he claimed Roosevelt was not doing enough to curb the power of bankers and financial leaders. • Huey P. Long’s Share our Wealth Society wanted to raise taxes on the wealthy, give every family $5000 to buy a home plus an income of $2500 a year IV. Trouble for the New Deal
- 9. : • Ended most direct payments and focused on work relief. • Key programs in the Second Hundred days were the Works Progress Administration (WPA), and Social Security I. The Second Hundred Days
- 10. Artwork created by the WPA • http://whowhatwhy.org/2014/09/01/labor-day-images-from-the- great-depression-and-the-wpa/ <<< Strawberry Stadium constructed by the WPA and opened in 1937
- 11. The second hundred days continued. • The Social Security Act provided a pension for many Americans age 65 and older; included a system of unemployment insurance • Many people who did not approve of the first New Deal approved of the second one because it required people to work for their pay.
- 12. II. Reviving Organized Labor • New Deal programs helped to revive organized labor by establishing the National Labor Relations Board; outlawed anti-labor practices; gave workers the right to form unions and bargain collectively • Collective bargaining helped labor unions by protecting the right of workers to organize • Sit-down strikes had an advantage over traditional strikes by keeping management from bringing in security forces to scatter picketers or use traditional strike-breaking techniques .
- 13. II. Reviving Organized Labor • AFL-smaller unions representing skilled workers organized within specific crafts • CIO-unskilled workers organized across industries, such as the automobile industry .
- 14. III. The Election of 1936 • FDR worked hard to win votes that might go to the Union Party • Republican candidate Alf Landon carried only two states • Democrats gained in both houses of Congress and won 26 of the 33 races for governor • Rural Electrification Act helped by bringing electricity to houses rural areas • Major shift in American Politics- Northern African Americans switched to the Democratic Party
- 15. IV. A Troubled Year - 1937 • Attempt to reorganize the courts was controversial (Court Packing Plan) • Packing the court would upset the balance of power in government. • Democrats rebelled • Sharp drop in the stock market • 2 million Americans lost their jobs • FDR increased the deficit by seeking large sums of money to fund programs
- 16. I. New Roles for Women and African Americans • Women and African American’s were offered hope for expanded roles in public life • Served in prominent government posts • Frances Perkins-- President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed her be to the U.S. Secretary of Labor, the first women to hold a U.S. cabinet position. • Member of the Brain Trust • Brain Trust-- members were college professors, lawyers, and economists who helped Roosevelt formulate new policies
- 17. II. African Americans and the New Deal Black Cabinet: led by Mary McLeod Bethune; advisors to the president Powerful symbol of rising African American influence in the government
- 18. •Women and African Americans were still discriminated against in pay and had fewer job opportunities •FDR didn’t fight racial discrimination because he was afraid it would hurt more than help because Southern Democrats would block his bills
- 19. III. Telling the Story of the Depression • Painters and sculptors created works depicting the struggles of the working class • Books and plays focused on the plight of the poor • Photographers photographed and documented the struggles of everyday life
- 20. Popular Entertainment in the 1930s • Movies, radio, jazz, swing • Movies showing luxurious lifestyles helped people escape from their problems • Radio provided information as well as entertainment
- 21. • Popular Movies in the 1930’s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oYh1ycMTAs
- 22. The Impact of the New Deal • Helped poor Americans • Less successful in delivering economic recovery • Changed the relationship between citizens and government • Government became much bigger • Roadways, bridges, dams, public buildings, and public art were built/created
- 23. Limits of the New Deal • Never reached all the people it was intended to help • Jobs programs didn’t pay well • Permitted discrimination • As a result of the New Deal, Americans began to look to government regularly for help.
- 24. This is a Joke… Haha PS.—You have to understand each economic system to understand the joke. Study and you may laugh more.
- 25. The End of the New Deal • Court-packing fight • Economic downturn of 1937-38 • Stand-off with congress • Attention was turning to another war in Europe
- 26. Practice for the test. Copy and answer the following: 1) Explain the Court Packing Plan proposed by FDR. 2) Why was the Court Packing Plan resisted by the Democratic dominated Congress?