Ch 3 forms of government.pptx for clASS 6
- 1. CH 3 FORMS OF GOVERNMENT WHAT IS A GOVERNMENT? THE GOVERNMENT IS A POLITICAL SYSTEM BY WHICH A COUNTRY OR A STATE IS ADMINISTERED. ITS FUNCTIONS ARE ◆ BUILD THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE COUNTRY. ◆ LOOK AFTER THE WELFARE OF THE PEOPLE. ◆ MAINTAIN LAW AND ORDER IN THE COUNTRY.
- 2. THE FUNCTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT ARE CARRIED OUT BY ITS THREE ORGANS THE LEGISLATURE WHICH IS THE LAW-MAKING ORGAN THE EXECUTIVE WHICH IMPLEMENTS THESE LAWS THE JUDICIARY WHICH SEES TO IT THAT THESE LAWS ARE CARRIED OUT.
- 3. • A FORM OF GOVERNMENT IS A SYSTEM BY WHICH A STATE OR COUNTRY IS GOVERNED. • THE CONSTITUTION FORMS THE BASIS ON WHICH A COUNTRY OR STATE WILL BE GOVERNED. • GOVERNMENTS ARE CLASSIFIED ON THE BASIS OF OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, THE WAY POWER IS EXERCISED, AND THE NATURE OF THE CONSTITUTION.
- 4. DEMOCRACY AND AUTHORITARIANISM • THE WORD 'DEMOCRACY' IS DERIVED FROM TWO GREEK TERMS, DEMOS AND KRATOS. • THESE TWO WORDS TOGETHER MEAN 'AUTHORITY OF THE PEOPLE’ • THE MOST DIRECT FORM OF POPULAR PARTICIPATION IS ADULT FRANCHISE. • UNIVERSAL ADULT FRANCHISE MEANS TH • AT ALL ADULT CITIZENS HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE. THROUGH THIS, REPRESENTATIVES ARE ELECTED AND A GOVERNMENT IS FORMED. • THE ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE GOVERNMENT IS CONTROLLED BY THE PEOPLE.
- 5. • THE WORD AUTHORITARIAN MEANS ABSOLUTE OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY. • A SMALL GROUP OF PEOPLE, A PARTICULAR SOCIAL CLASS OR A STRONG POLITICAL PARTY CONTROLS ALL THE DECISION-MAKING IN THE GOVERNMENT. • CITIZENS ARE NOT ALLOWED TO RAISE ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR METHODS OF FUNCTIONING. • COUNTRIES LIKE LIBYA, SUDAN AND MYANMAR WERE UNDER MILITARY RULE. • HOWEVER WITH PEOPLE'S MOVEMENTS AND POPULAR UPRISING, TRANSITION TOWARDS DEMOCRACY IS TAKING PLACE S IN THESE COUNTRIES
- 6. PARLIAMENTARY AND PRESIDENTIAL • THE PARLIAMENTARY AND PRESIDENTIAL FORMS OF GOVERNMENT ARE BASED ON THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE EXECUTIVE AND THE LEGISLATURE, ARE DEPENDENT OR INDEPENDENT OF EACH OTHER. • UNDER THE PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM, THE LEGISLATURE AND THE EXECUTIVE ARE SEPARATE. THERE IS SEPARATION OF POWERS. • IN THE PARLIAMENTARY FORM, THE EXECUTIVE IS A PART OF THE LEGISLATURE AND THERE IS FUSION OF POWERS.
- 8. HOW THE HEAD OF THE GOVERNMENT IS ELECTED IN THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM? • THE HEAD OF THE GOVERNMENT IS ELECTED ON THE BASIS OF THE NUMBER OF MEMBERS THE POLITICAL PARTIES HAVE IN THE LEGISLATURE. • IF A PARTY HAS A CLEAR MAJORITY IN THE LEGISLATURE, THE LEADER OF THAT PARTY BECOMES THE PRIME MINISTER. • SOMETIMES, NO PARTY HAS A CLEAR MAJORITY. IN SUCH CASES, A NUMBER OF PARTIES MAY FORM A COALITION TO FORM THE GOVERNMENT.
- 9. INDIAN PRIME MINISTER AND PRESIDENT
- 10. UNITARY AND FEDERAL • WHEN THERE IS ONLY ONE GOVERNMENT FOR THE WHOLE COUNTRY IT IS KNOWN AS A UNITARY FORM OF GOVERNMENT. • THIS FORM OF GOVERNMENT MAKES AND ALSO EXECUTES THE LAWS. • GREAT BRITAIN, CHINA AND CHILE ARE EXAMPLES OF SUCH A GOVERNMENT.
- 11. • IN A FEDERAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT, THE DISTRIBUTION OF POWER IS BETWEEN THE CENTRAL AND THE STATE GOVERNMENTS. • MOST OF THE LAWS THAT THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT MAKES, APPLY ALL OVER THE COUNTRY. LAWS PASSED BY THE STATE GOVERNMENT APPLY ONLY IN THE STATE. • EXAMPLES OF THIS FORM OF GOVERNMENT ARE INDIA, USA, SWITZERLAND, NIGERIA, BRAZIL
- 12. CONSTITUTIONS • WHAT IS CONSTITUTION? • A CONSTITUTION IS A SET OF LAWS WHICH DEFINE HOW A STATE OR COUNTRY IS GOVERNED • ALL THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT WORK WITHIN THE PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION.
- 14. THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONSTITUTIONS WRITTEN AND UNWRITTEN CONSTITUTIONS IN A WRITTEN CONSTITUTION, THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE GOVERNMENT ARE FORMALLY WRITTEN. THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA WAS PREPARED BETWEEN 9 DECEMBER 1946 AND 26 NOVEMBER 1949 BY THE MEMBERS OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY. RIGID AND FLEXIBLE CONSTITUTIONS • THE RIGIDITY AND FLEXIBILITY OF A CONSTITUTION IS REFLECTED IN THE PROCESS OF AMENDMENT. WRITTEN CONSTITUTIONS ARE RIGID. • A RIGID CONSTITUTION CANNOT BE CHANGED OR AMENDED EASILY. • TO MAKE AMENDMENTS IN THE CONSTITUTION, SPECIFIC PROCEDURES HAVE TO BE FOLLOWED. THE CENTRAL AS WELL AS THE STATE MAJORITY IS REQUIRED TO MAKE CHANGES OR AMENDMENTS IN THE CONSTITUTION. THE AMERICAN AND THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION ARE EXAMPLES OF A RIGID CONSTITUTION.
- 15. FRANCHISE • THE TERM 'FRANCHISE', WHEN APPLIED TO ELECTIONS MEANS THE RIGHT OF A CITIZEN TO VOTE. • A VOTE ENABLES CITIZENS TO CHOOSE THE PEOPLE WHO WILL REPRESENT THEM IN THE STATE ASSEMBLIES. • THE VOTE GIVES CITIZENS THE RIGHT TO CHOOSE THE PEOPLE WHO WILL GOVERN THE COUNTRY. • IF THE CITIZENS ARE NOT SATISFIED WITH THESE PEOPLE, THEY CAN REPLACE THEM AT THE NEXT ELECTION. WHAT IS UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE? IN MOST DEMOCRACIES, TODAY THE RIGHT TO VOTE IS UNIVERSAL. IT IS GRANTED AS A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT, IRRESPECTIVE OF RACE, ETHNICITY, CLASS OR GENDER. THIS IS ALSO KNOWN AS UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE.
- 16. • THE FIRST STEP TOWARDS UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE WAS TAKEN IN THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY. IT FOCUSED ON REMOVING PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS FOR VOTING PURPOSES. • MANY SOCIETIES IN THE PAST HAVE DENIED PEOPLE THE RIGHT TO VOTE ON THE BASIS OF RACE OR ETHNICITY. • FOR EXAMPLE, NON-WHITES COULD NOT VOTE IN THE APARTHEID-ERA IN SOUTH AFRICA. THE SYSTEM CAME TO AN END IN 1994. • MOST UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE SYSTEMS STILL EXCLUDE SOME VOTERS. • FOR EXAMPLE, MANY COUNTRIES DENY THE RIGHT TO VOTE TO CONVICTED CRIMINALS OR THE MENTALLY ILL. • ALSO, ALMOST ALL COUNTRIES DENY THE RIGHT TO VOTE TO NON-CITIZEN RESIDENTS AND CITIZENS BELOW THE AGE OF 18.