Ch 3 Tissue Types
- 1. Chapter 3 Body Tissues
- 2. I. Body Tissues A. Tissues 1.Groups of cells with similar structure and function 2.Four primary types Epithelium Connective tissue Nervous tissue Muscle
- 3. Cell Diversity – predict which tissue? Figure 3.7; 1, 2
- 4. Cell Diversity - predict which tissue? Figure 3.7; 3
- 5. Cell Diversity - predict which tissue? Figure 3.7; 4, 5
- 6. Cell Diversity - predict which tissue? Figure 3.7; 6, 7
- 7. II. Epithelial Tissues A. Found in different areas Body coverings Body linings Glandular tissue B.Functions Protection Absorption Filtration Secretion
- 8. C. Epithelium Characteristics A. Cells fit closely together B.Tissue layer always has one free surface C. The lower surface is bound by a basement membrane D. Avascular (have no blood supply) E. Regenerate easily if well nourished
- 9. D. Classification of Epithelium 1. Number of cell layers Simple – one layer Stratified – more than one layer Figure 3.16a
- 10. Classification of Epithelium 2. Shape of cells Squamous – flattened Cuboidal – cube-shaped Columnar – column-like Figure 3.16b
- 11. E. Simple Epithelium 1. Simple squamous a. Single layer of flat cells b. Usually forms membranes Lines body cavities Lines lungs and capillaries Figure 3.17a
- 12. 2. Simple cuboidal a. Single layer of cube-like cells b. Common in glands and their ducts Forms walls of kidney tubules Covers the ovaries Figure 3.17b
- 13. 3. Simple columnar a. Single layer of tall cells b. Often includes goblet cells, which produce mucus c. Lines digestive tract Figure 3.17c
- 14. 4. Pseudostratified a. Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others b. Often looks like a double cell layer Figure 3.17d
- 15. F. Stratified Epithelium 1. Stratified squamous a. Cells at the free edge are flattened b. Found as a protective covering where friction is common c. Locations Skin Mouth Esophagus Figure 3.17e
- 16. 2. Stratified cuboidal Two layers of cuboidal cells 3. Stratified columnar Surface cells are columnar, cells underneath vary in size and shape
- 17. Stratified Epithelium Transitional epithelium Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching Lines organs of the urinary system Figure 3.17f
- 18. III. Connective Tissue Characteristics A. Variations in blood supply 1. Some tissue types are well vascularized 2. Some have poor blood supply or are avascular B. Extracellular matrix 1. Non-living material that surrounds living cells—varies from type to type
- 19. 2. Two main elements a. Ground substance – mostly water along with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules b. Fibers Collagen fibers—strong Elastic fibers—stretch Reticular fibers—fine collagen fibers which form the internal “skeleton” of some organs
- 20. 3. Connective Tissue Types Bone Cartilage Dense Connective tissue Loose Connective Tissue Blood
- 21. C. Connective Tissue Types 1. Bone (osseous tissue) a. Composed of: Bone cells in lacunae (cavities) Hard matrix of calcium salts Large numbers of collagen fibers b. Used to protect and support the body Figure 3.18a
- 22. Connective Tissue Types 2. cartilage—flexible Hyaline cartilage: Most common cartilage Composed of: Abundant collagen fibers Rubbery matrix Entire fetal skeleton is hyaline cartilage Figure 3.18b
- 23. Connective Tissue Types b. Elastic cartilage Provides elasticity Example: supports the external ear
- 24. Connective Tissue Types c . Fibrocartilage Highly compressible Example: forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae Figure 3.18c
- 25. Connective Tissue Types 3. Dense connective tissue a. Main matrix element--collagen b. Cells are fibroblasts c. Examples Tendon – attach muscle to bone Ligaments – attach bone to bone Figure 3.18d
- 26. Connective Tissue Types 4. Loose connective tissue a. Areolar Most widely distributed connective tissue Soft, pliable tissue Contains all fiber types Can soak up excess fluid Figure 3.18e
- 27. Connective Tissue Types b. Adipose tissue commonly called fat Matrix is an areolar tissue in which fat globules predominate Many cells contain large lipid deposits Functions Insulates the body Protects some organs Serves as a site of fuel storage Figure 3.18f
- 28. Connective Tissue Types c. Reticular connective tissue Delicate network of interwoven fibers Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs Lymph nodes Spleen Bone marrow Figure 3.18g
- 29. Connective Tissue Types 5. Blood a. Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix b. Fibers are visible during clotting c. Functions as the transport vehicle for materials
- 30. IV. Muscle Tissue A. Function is to produce movement B. Three types of muscle tissue
- 31. B. 3 Types of Muscle Tissue, cont. 1. Skeletal muscle a. Can be controlled voluntarily b. Cells attach to connective tissue c. Cells are striated d. Cells have more than one nucleus Figure 3.19b
- 32. Muscle Tissue Types 2. Cardiac muscle a. Found only in the heart b. Function is to pump blood (involuntary) c. Cells attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks d. Cells are striated e. One nucleus per cell Figure 3.19c
- 33. Muscle Tissue Types 3. Smooth muscle a. Involuntary muscle b. Surrounds hollow organs c. Attached to other smooth muscle cells d. No visible striations e. One nucleus per cell Figure 3.19a
- 34. V. Nervous Tissue A. Composed of Neurons and nerve support cells B. Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body 1. Cells display Irritability 2. And Conductivity Figure 3.20