Ch16 outline
- 1. Safety and Health in the Workplace Chapter 16
- 2. Introduction • Occupational disease • Occupational illness • Occupational injury
- 3. Scope of the Problem • 14 workers die each day in U.S. from injury sustained at work • Fatalities have declined significantly over past 100 years • Reporting of illness versus injury • Economic impact
- 4. Importance of Occupational Safety and Health to the Community • Industry is a subset of the larger community • Affects workplace and those outside the worksite • Workers themselves are a community
- 5. History of Occupational Safety and Health Problems • Before 1970 • Industrial revolution • State legislation • Child labor laws • Worker’s compensation laws • Federal legislation • Bureau of Labor-1884 • Many laws from 1908-1970 • Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
- 6. Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHAct) • To ensure employers in private sector furnish each employee a workplace free from recognized hazards causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) established to enforce OSHAct • NIOSH
- 7. Prevalence of Occupational Injuries, Diseases, and Deaths • Recent trends • Decline in number of workplace injuries and illnesses reported in private industry since 1992 • Goods-producing industries higher rate of nonfatal injury than service-producing • Highest – agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting • Highest service-producing – education and health care
- 8. Nonfatal Workplace Injury and Illness Incidence Rates by Industry, 2008
- 9. Unintentional Injuries in the Workplace • Minor injuries – cuts, bruises, abrasions, minor burns • Major injuries – amputations, fractures, severe lacerations, eye losses, acute poisonings, severe burns • Reported by many sources
- 10. Fatal Work-Related Injuries • Highway incidents leading cause • Falls, being struck by object, homicide • Industries with highest rates of fatal occupational injuries • Agriculture • Forestry • Fishing and hunting • Mining • Transportation and warehousing
- 11. Manner of Fatal Work Injuries, 2008
- 12. Nonfatal Work-Related Injuries • Males account for majority of treatment • Younger workers highest nonfatal workplace injury/illness rate • Disabling injuries and illnesses • Repeat trauma disorders
- 13. Characteristics of Workers Involved in Work-Related Injuries • Age • Gender • Poverty and race • Geographic differences in workplace injuries • Temporal variations in workplace injuries • Workplace injuries by industry and occupation • Fatal and nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses • Agricultural safety and health
- 14. Hours Worked and Fatal Work Injuries by Gender, 2008
- 15. Most Dangerous Jobs in 2008
- 16. Prevention and Control of Unintentional Injuries in the Workplace • Four fundamental tasks • Anticipation • Recognition • Evaluation • Control
- 17. Workplace Violence: Intentional Workplace Injuries • 1.7 million victims each year • Homicides third leading cause of workplace fatalities • Second leading cause of workplace death for women • Some occupations more dangerous than others
- 18. Categories of Workplace Violence • Criminal intent (Type I) • Customer/client (Type II) • Worker-on-worker (Type III) • Personal relationship (Type IV)
- 19. Risk Factors for Workplace Violence • Working with the public • Working around money or valuables • Working alone • Working late at night • Jobs with higher risk • Taxicab drivers • Jobs in liquor stores • Detective and protective services
- 20. Prevention Strategies • Environmental designs • Administrative controls • Behavior strategies
- 21. Occupational Illnesses and Disorders • Illness more difficult to acquire data on than injury • Difficult to link occupational exposure • Some conditions slow to develop and difficult to associate with the workplace
- 22. Types of Occupational Illnesses • Musculoskeletal disorders • Skin diseases and disorders • Noise-induced hearing loss • Respiratory disorders • Pneumoconiosis • Asbestosis • Silicosis • Byssinosis
- 23. Other Work-Related Diseases and Disorders • Poisonings • Agricultural workers • Infections • Health care industry • Hazardous drugs • Anxiety, stress, neurotic disorders
- 24. Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and Disorders • Requires vigilance of employer and employee • Agent-host-environment model • Identification and evaluation of agents • Standard setting for the handling of and exposure to causative agents • Elimination or substitution of causative factors • Engineering controls • Environmental monitoring • Medical screenings
- 25. Resources for the Prevention of Workplace Injuries and Diseases • Occupational safety and health professionals • Safety engineers • Certified safety professionals • Health physicists • Industrial hygienists • Occupational physicians • Occupational health nurses
- 26. Occupational Safety and Health Programs • Preplacement examinations • Disease prevention programs • Safety programs • Worksite health promotion programs • Employee assistance programs
- 27. Discussion Questions • How can employees advocate for safer workplaces? • What occupational injury prevention strategies can prove to be most effective in the coming decades?