Challanges in Fisheries Resource Mnagment
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This document discusses fisheries in India. It notes that fisheries provide employment and contribute to food security, playing a vital role in the economy. Fisheries contribute 1.07% to India's GDP. It then lists various fisheries resources and infrastructure in India like its coastline, fishing villages, and water bodies used for fishing. It identifies threats to fisheries like overfishing, pollution, habitat destruction, invasive species, and climate change. It elaborates on these threats and their impacts. The document concludes by discussing various laws in India related to wildlife protection, fisheries management, environment protection, and biodiversity conservation.
Challanges in Fisheries Resource Mnagment
- 1. SUBMITTED TO :- Prof. A. A. Vyas Associate Professor College of Fisheries Veraval SUBMITTED BY:- Vagh Sarman N Reg. No: 2030316015 Roll no: 15 FRM Department
- 2. Fisheries is an important and sun rise sector in India- it provides employment to millions of people and contributes to food security of the country. fisheries play a vital role in economy. Presently, fisheries and aquaculture contribute 1.07 per cent to the national GDP, and 5.30 per cent to agriculture and allied activities, while the average annual value of output during (2015-2016) was Rs 30,420.83 crores.
- 3. Length of coast line 8129 Km Exclusive economic zone ( EEZ) 2.02 million Sq. km Continental self 0.506 million Sq. km No of fish landing centers 1,376 No of fishing villages 3,322 Fisher folk population 35,74,704 Rivers & canals 1,91,024 Km Reservoir's 3.15 mill ha Tanks & ponds 2.25 mill ha Flood plain lakes/derelict waters 7.98 lakh ha Brackish water 1.24 mill ha Estuaries 0.29 mill ha
- 4. Overfishing Pollution Habitat destruction and fragmentation Aelian species Climate change Construction of dam on River Shipping Petroleum
- 5. When people catch fish faster than the fish can reproduce. Overfishing not only depletes the fish but seriously harms environment.
- 6. • Harvesting of non targeted fish. • By-catch accounts for 40% of global marine catches. • An estimated 3.83 lakh tonnes of by catch valued at Rs.192 Crores was landed which formed 27.8 % of the total trawl catch, an increase of 24% over the previous year in India.
- 7. Human activity is the primary agent of degradation. Human activities have destroyed, disrupted or degraded a large proportion of the world’s coastal, marine and freshwater ecosystems. Approximately 20% of the world's Coral reefs have been destroyed. We have destroyed more than 1/3 of the world’s mangrove forests for shipping lanes.
- 8. Dam block the migratory route of various Riverine and marine species. Dams also can block the flow of nutrients from ocean environments upstream into riverine environments by preventing anadromous fishes that die after spawning (eg, Pacific Salmon) from depositing these nutrients via carcass decay in upstream reaches. Some species shift to new spawning and migration range Hilsa almost disappeared from catches above Farakka barrage (after 1972) in Ganga river.
- 9. Invasive species: alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic, environmental or human health harm. Displacement of native species Change the community structure (food webs) Predation Competition for Resources Invasive species can serve as disease, pathogens and parasite vectors.
- 10. Ocean acidification Ozone depletion Climate change – Greenhouse effect and Global warming. Change in natural habitats and food supply Changing ocean chemistry/acidification
- 11. Plastic debris Toxins Eutrophication Thermal pollution Radioactive pollution Petroleum
- 12. Wild life (protection) Act,1972 Indian fisheries Act,1897 Environment protection Act, 1986 The Biological diversity Act,2002 The Biological diversity Rule,2004 The water (Prevention and Control of Pollution)Act,1974 Marine fisheries regulation Act,1983 Coastal Aquaculture Authority Act,2005 Coastal regulation zone act,1991
- 13. Existing ACT/RULES Salient features Environmental Protection Act 1986 An umbrella act Coastal Regulation Zone Notification 1991 Regularizes the various activities in coastal zone Hazardous Waste Management Act 1989 Provides guidelines for hazardous waste management. Water Act, 1974 Control the pollution of water Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 Control of pollution from ships and off shore platforms Coastal Aquaculture Authority Act, 2005 Making rules for construction and operation of aquaculture farm in Coastal Areas.
- 14. Wild life protection Act, 1972 Protection to marine biota like whale shark, sea cucumber, corals and fishes. Indian Fisheries Act, 1897 Protection to explosives or dynamites Marine Fishing Regulation Act, 1978 Guide line to the maritime states – protection to marine fisheries by regulating fishing in the territorial waters. Including mesh size, gear, closed season Biodiversity Act, 2002 Protect and conserve biodiversity and sustainable use of its components