Chapter 1 (introduction)
- 1. 1 Chapter 1 Introduction to Research & Research in Area Sector
- 2. 2 Contents Understanding research – meaning and purpose Research – systematic and methodical Characteristics of good research Research techniques, research methods and research methodology Rural research, rural research methodology Ideas on rural research
- 3. 3 Understanding Research - Meaning Research is the search for knowledge through objective and systematic methods. It is the process of getting answers to questions using a systematic method of gathering, analyzing and interpreting evidence. It is the foundation of knowledge for the sake of knowledge. The end product of research is knowledge
- 4. 4 Understanding Research Systematic search for relevant information on a problem/issue. Search again and again for new facts. Systematized effort to gain new knowledge. Process of discovering facts, ideas, etc. An original contribution to the existing body of knowledge.
- 5. 5 RESEARCHRESEARCH AcademicAcademic Degrees/DiplomasDegrees/Diplomas Problem SolvingProblem Solving (operations)(operations) New IdeasNew Ideas (Discovery)(Discovery) Planning &Planning & Decision MakingDecision Making Predicting FuturePredicting Future (Prognosis)(Prognosis) EvaluationEvaluation IntellectualIntellectual SatisfactionSatisfaction PolicyPolicy MeasuresMeasures Purpose of Research ProblemProblem areasareas
- 6. 6 Research - How Systematic and Methodical? Identifying Problem Defining Problem Formulating Research Questions Setting Objectives Formulating Hypothesis, if any Developing Research Design- Sample Design, Sources of Data, Statistical Tools Collecting Data
- 7. 7 Research - How Systematic and Methodical? Data Processing- Editing, Coding, Classification, Tabulation Data Analysis and Interpretation Testing Hypothesis, if formulated Reaching Conclusions Providing Policy Implications/ Recommendations
- 8. 8 Characteristics of GoodCharacteristics of Good ResearchResearch Characteristics of Research Concern of Researcher Clearly defined purpose - Objectives and research questions are clearly defined. Detailed research process - Researcher provides complete research proposal. Planned research design - Procedures are clearly outlined. - Sample unit is clearly described. - Sample size and sampling clearly formulated. - Data collection procedures are selected and designed.
- 9. 9 Characteristics of Research Concern of Researcher High ethical standards applied - Safeguards are in place to protect study participants, organizations, clients, and researchers. - Recommendations do not exceed the scope of the study. Limitations clearly revealed - Desired sample is compared with actual sample in report. - Impact on findings and conclusions is detailed.
- 10. 10 Characteristics of Research Concern of Researcher Adequate analysis for decision maker’s needs - Findings of the study are detailed. Findings presented unambiguously - Findings are clearly presented in words, tables, and graphs. - Findings are logically organized to facilitate reaching a decision. - Executive summary is outlined. Conclusions justified - Decision-based conclusions are matched with detailed findings.
- 11. 11 Meaning and Difference Research Techniques Research Methods Research Methodology
- 12. 12 Research MethodologyResearch Methodology The way to systematically solve the research problem. Steps adopted by the researcher in studying the problem along with the logic behind it.
- 13. 13 Methodology Includes Definition of the research problem? Why a research study has been undertaken ? What way the hypothesis has been formulated? What particular method of data collection has been adopted? Why a particular sample size is chosen? How the samples/items in the study have been identified and selected? Why particular technique of analyzing data has been used, etc.? What method of report writing has been adopted?
- 14. 14 Research Techniques Instruments used in performing research operations Making observations, Recording data, Processing data………..
- 15. 15 Research Methods Methods used by the researchers for conduction of research. Instruments used in selecting and constructing research techniques. Methods generate techniques.
- 16. 16 Data CollectionData Collection Type of ResearchType of Research MethodsMethods TechniquesTechniques Field Research Personal Interview Interviewer uses a detailed schedule with open and closed questions Mass Observation Recording mass behaviors in public places by observers FGD Small groups of respondents are interviewed simultaneously to collect group opinion Telephone Survey Collecting information and also used as a follow up of questionnaire
- 17. 17 What do we mean byWhat do we mean by Rural Research?Rural Research? Research conducted in rural settings. Systematically and objectively finding solution to a problem relating to rural sector. Helps in deriving policies for the development of rural sector.
- 18. 18 What do we mean by Rural Research Methodology? Procedures to solve the research problem systematically in rural settings. Steps followed in objectively understanding the rural research problem along with the logic behind it.
- 19. 19 Ideas on Rural Research Socio-economic Profile of an Area Problems relating to Rural Development Planning and Management for Rural Development Child Nutrition in Rural Sector Institutional Finance for Agricultural Development
- 20. 20 Ideas on Rural Research Forecasting of Agricultural output Role of Microfinance in Rural Development Education in Rural Sector Rural Health, Sanitation and Related Issues Migration of Workers from Rural to Urban Areas
- 21. 21 Ideas on Rural Research Disaster Mitigation, Livelihood Rehabilitation and Post-Tsunami Recovery Empowerment of Rural Women Role of NGOs in Rural Development Rural Industrialization Rural Transport and Communication Rural Banking
- 22. 22 Ideas on Rural Research Community Forestry Community Fisheries Management Policies and Programs relating to Rural Development Role of SMEs in Strengthening Rural Sector Rural Population and related issues Ethnic Tourism/ Eco-tourism