1. ELECTROTHERAPY
the use of electrical energy in the treatment of injury, relief of pain or other therapeutic
applications to stimulate tissue healing and restore function
.
ACTINOTHERAPY
the use of ultraviolet, other parts of the spectrum of the sun's rays, or x-rays to
treat various disorders, particularly skin diseases
4. NUCLEUS
It is the central part of atom,made up of proton and
neutron held together by strong nuclear forces
PROTON
Atomic number-Large positive particle
NEUTRON
Neutral particle-atomic mass
ELECTRON
Small negative particle-atomic number
5. ISOTOPES
Is an atom of an element which contains
standard number of protons but a non standard
number of neutrons
6. COMPOUNDS
Is a substance formed by the union of two
or more elements
ELECTROVALENT
When an atom of one element gives an electron
to the atom of another element
COVALENT
The outer shells of the atoms of the elements share a
number of common or bonding electrons so that each
atom has a complete outer shell
7. ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Is produced by the movement of electrons within the atom
EXCITED STAGE
Movement of electron to a high energy shell due to
addition of energy
8. CONDUCTORS
Are elements whose atoms have few electrons in their
outer orbit which facilitate the passage of electric current
NON CONDUCTORS
Are materials made of atoms in which the electrons in
the outer shell are firmly held in their orbits and will not
leave the atom to conduct a current
9. MATTER
Some thing that occupy space
Solid
Liquid
Gases
COHESIVE FORCE which attracts the molecules of the
substance to one another
KINETIC FORCE the force of movement of the molecules
10. LATENT HEAT
The quantity of heat absorbed or realsed by a substance
undergoing a change of state at constant temperature
and pressure
11. is the amount of thermal energy which must be absorbed
or evolved for 1mole of a substance to change state from
J 336 e.g water a solid to a
liquid
LATENT HEAT OF FUSION
12. LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
is the energy required to transform a given quantity
of a substance into a gas at a given pressure
e.g water 2268j
13. TRANSMISSION OF HEAT
CONDUCTION
or charge particles material allowing the flow of electric current
CONVECTION
is the movement of molecules within fluids (i.e. liquids,
gases)
RADIATION
a process in which energetic particles or waves travel
through a medium or space
15. PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF HEAT
is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response
to a change in
temperature
..
THERMAL EXPANSION
Any chemical reaction is accelerated by a rise in
vant hoffs law
- temperature
ACCELERATION OF CHEMICAL ACTION
16. PRODUCTION OF A POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
Thermocouple principle
PRODUCTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
THERMIONIC EMISSION
REDUCED VISCOSITY OF FLUIDS
18. CHARGED BODY AND ITS ELECTRICAL FIELD
Lines of force surrounding an isolated charged body are straigh
Lines of force repel one another
Lines of force pass more easily through conductors than
through insulators
Lines of force concentrate on that part of the surface of a
charged body nearest to another object over which they can
exert an influence
21. POTENTIAL
Electrical condition of the body when compared to the
neutral potential of the earth
EXCESS-negative
DEFICIENT-positive
CAPACITANCE
The ability of the body to hold an electric charge
Material
Surface area
INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CAPACITANCE AND
POTENTIAL
24. a source of energy that can cause a current to flow
in an electrical circuit or device
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE
RESISTANCE
The opposition of a body or substance to current passing
through it, resulting in a change of electrical energy into
heat or another form of energy
MATERIAL OF THE CONDUCTOR
LENGTH OF THE PATHWAY
CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF THE CONDUCTOR
TEMPERATURE
25. RESISTANCE IN SERIES
One pathway for a current
Total resistance is equal to the sum of individual resistances
RESISTANCE IN PARALLEL
More than one pathways for current flow
Total resistance is less than any one of the individual resistance
26. MAGNITUDE OF CURRENT
The rate of flow of electrons through the conductor
Per second
Measured in ampere
Depends on EMF and resistance of conductor
27. OHM’S LAW
The magnitude of an electric current varies directly
With the EMF and inversely with the resistance
I=E/R
I=Current
E=EMF
R=Resistance
28. THERMAL EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC
CURRENT(JOULE’S LAW)
The amount of heat produced in a conductor is
Proportional to the square of the current,the
Resistance and the time for which the current
Flows
Q=I2Rt
I=Current
R=Resistance
t=time
29. ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND POWER
ENERGY
The ability to do work
WORK
The magnitude of the force (EMF)and the quantity of
Electrons moved
POWER
The rate of doing work
Current power=EMF
*
30. MAGNETISM
A magnet is an object which exhibit the following properties
Setting in n-s direction
Like poles repel
Transmission of properties
Attraction of suitable material
Magnetic field
31. MOLECULAR THEORY OF MAGNETISM
Molecular magnets
Non magnetized state
Magnetize state
Permanent magnet
Temporary magnet
32. MAGNETIC EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
An electric current flowing through a wire sets up
a magnetic field
33. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
The means by which electricity is produced from magnetism
Conductor
Magnetic lines of force
Relative movement
Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential difference (voltage) across a conducto
when it is exposed to a varying
magnetic field
.
36. Electromagnetic wave is propagated by the interaction of
circular magnetic and electric fields at right angles to
.
one another
WAVELENGTH
The distance between a point on one electromagnetic
wave and exactly the same point on the next wave
VELOCITY
Constant for all forms of electrmagnetic waves that is
km per second i.e the speed of light300000
FREQUENCY
Number of complete waves passing any fixed point in
one second
Inverse relationship between wavelength and frequency
for electromagnetic waves
39. REFRACTION
the change of direction of a wave, as it pass from one medium into another having
different densities
.
Angle of incidence greater than zero
Snell’s law
the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is
constant when a light ray passes from one medium to another
41. ABSORPTION
the process in which incident ray is retained without reflection or transmission on passing
through a medium
Wavelength of rays
Nature of medium
Angle of incidence
COSINE LAW
the intensity of rays at a surface varies with the cosine of the angle
incident ray and the normal
LAW OF INVERSE SQUARES
The intensity of rays from a point source varies inversely
with the square of the distance from that point source
