CHAPTER 10. THESIS WRITING
- 1. CHAPTER 10. THESIS WRITING CHAPTER 1. The problem: Rationale and Background
- 2. CHAPTER 1. The problem: Rationale and Background This part consist of the overview discussion of the problem by citing some phrases and sentences from published materials relevant to the study. This gives the reader a general idea and impression as well as the motivation of the study. Some researchers integrate related studies and related literature in this part.
- 3. After thorough presentation of the background of the study, there are seven subtopics in this chapter, which are as follows: 1. Statement of the problem 2. Hypothesis 3. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 4. Significance of the study 5. Scope and limitation of the study 6. Definition of Terms 7. General Organization and Coverage of the study
- 4. 1. Statement of the Problem According to Shrutika Sirsilla (2023) A research problem statement is a clear, concise, and specific statement that describes the issue or problem that the research project addresses. It should be written in a way that is easily understandable to both experts and non-experts in the field.
- 5. 2. Hypothesis A hypothesis is a wise guess that is formulated and temporarily adopted to explain the observed facts covered by the study. A hypothesis guides the researcher to describe the procedure to follow in conducting the study. Hypothesis is important because it tells the researcher what to do and how to go about to solve the problem.
- 6. Two types of Hypothesis There are two types of hypothesis. There are (1) null hypothesis, (2) alternative hypothesis Null Hypothesis is a denial of an existence of trait, characteristics, quality, value, correlation, or differences of the result. Null hypothesis is always stated in negative form. In contrast, alternative hypothesis is stated in positive form. Alternative hypothesis is an affirmation of an observed phenomenon.
- 7. 3. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework Theoretical and conceptual frameworks both provide clear explanations regarding the relationships among variables. Theoretical framework is commonly used by researchers because it shapes the justification of the research problem which uses abstract concepts, factors or laws, variables and their relation that explain and predict how observed phenomena exist and operate. A researcher is required to formulate existing theories linked to the study because theories are useful devices for interpreting, criticizing, and unifying established specific laws or facts that guide in discovering new generalizations. It is advisable for a proponent to use either a theoretical framework or a conceptual framework.
- 8. 4. Significance of the Study The investigator must present the significance of the study from either a deductive or an inductive perspective. In the deductive perspective, presentation of the importance of study starts from general to particular, for instance, from the national level then to the regional level provincial, municipal, and local levels, and then to the researcher and target beneficiaries. In presenting a study from an inductive viewpoint, presentation of the importance of the study begins from the target beneficiaries, the researcher, local, municipal, provincial, regional level, and to the national level.
- 9. 5. Scope and Limitation of the study This includes the coverage of the study area, the subjects, the research instrument, the research issues and concerns, the duration of the study, and the constraints that have direct bearing on the results of the study.
- 10. 6. Definition of Terms There are two ways of defining key terms. These are conceptual and operational. Conceptual definition. This refers to defining key terms usually taken from the dictionary, encyclopedia, published books, journals, and articles. Operational definition. This refers to defining key terms based on their observed characteristics and how they are used in the study.
- 11. 6. Definition of Terms It is advisable for a researcher to use two ways of defining key terms for clearer understanding of the meaning by the readers. If conceptual definition is not available in the dictionary, particularly the technical terms, operational definition is acceptable. Moreover, there are two ways of arranging the key terms. First, the key terms are arranged as they appear in the text. Second, they are alphabetically arranged. The first arrangement is commonly used by writers of research paper, thesis, and dissertation. A maximum of 15 key terms are presented in part 1 of a thesis proposal. If there are more than 15 key terms, they are placed in the glossary.
- 12. 7. General Organization and Coverage of the study This section in the research paper, thesis, and dissertation is included in every chapter. For example, there are five chapters of thesis and dissertation, thus, the coverage per chapter is explained.
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