Chapter 1_Introduction to industrialsafety.ppt
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The document discusses the importance of safety programs in engineering, highlighting the responsibility of engineers to minimize losses and enhance workplace safety. It covers various aspects of chemical process safety, including accident statistics, risk management, and inherent safety measures, while noting significant historical disasters like Bhopal and Flixborough. The content emphasizes the need for effective safety practices and management systems to prevent hazards and protect human welfare.
Chapter 1_Introduction to industrialsafety.ppt
- 1. 1. Introduction 2. Safety Programs 3. Engineering Ethics 4. Accident and Loss Statistics 5. Acceptable Risk 6. Public Perceptions 7. The Nature of the Accident Process 8. Inherent Safety 9. Four Significant Disasters Flixborough, England Bhopal, India Seveso, Italy Pasadena, Texas 10. Problems 11. Suggested Reading 10/16/24 1 introduction
- 2. Economy Technology Industry “More complex processes require more complex safety technology. "To know is to survive and to ignore fundamentals is to court disaster.“ Since 1950, significant technological advances have been made in chemical process safety 10/16/24 2 introduction
- 3. the technology of safety include hydrodynamic models representing two-phase flow through a vessel relief, dispersion models representing the spread of toxic vapor through a plant after a release, and mathematical techniques to determine the various ways that processes can fail and the probability of failure. 10/16/24 3 introduction
- 4. A good safety program eliminates the existing hazards as they are identified, whereas an outstanding safety program prevents the existence of a hazard in the first place. Management systems directed toward eliminating the existence of hazards include safety reviews, safety audits, hazard identification techniques, checklists, and proper application of technical knowledge. 10/16/24 4 introduction
- 5. Safety or loss prevention:the prevention of accidents through the use of appropriate technologies Hazard:a chemical or physical condition that has the potential to cause damage to people Chemical hazard & Mechanical hazard Risk 10/16/24 introduction 5
- 6. Safety knowledge: includes fundamental law of nature, dangerous properties of chemicals Safety experience: Technical competence Safety management support Commitment: improving & practicing safety 10/16/24 introduction 6 Safety Programs
- 7. Engineers are responsible for minimizing losses and providing a safe and secure environment for the company's employees. Engineers have a responsibility to themselves, fellow workers, family, community, and the engineering profession. 10/16/24 7 introduction
- 8. Fundamental principles Engineers shall uphold and advance the integrity, honor, and dignity of the engineering profession by Use knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare; being honest and impartial and serving with fidelity the public, their employers, and clients; striving to increase the competence and prestige of the engineering profession. 10/16/24 8 introduction
- 9. OSHA incidence rate, 10/16/24 9 introduction covered period during employees all by worked hours Total 200000 X days lost work o No. ays) lost workd on (based rate incident OSHA covered period during employees all by worked hours Total 200000 X days lost work o No. ays) lost workd on (based rate incident OSHA covered period during employees all by worked hours Total 200000 X days lost work o No. ays) lost workd on (based rate incident OSHA covered period during employees all by worked hours Total 200000 X days lost work o No. ays) lost workd on (based rate incident OSHA covered period during employees all by worked hours Total 200000 X days lost work o No. ays) lost workd on (based rate incident OSHA covered period during employees all by worked hours Total 200000 X days lost work o No. ays) lost workd on (based rate incident OSHA covered period during employees all by worked hours Total 200000 X days lost work o No. ays) lost workd on (based rate incident OSHA
- 10. 10/16/24 introduction 10 Fatal accident rate (FAR):
- 13. Acceptable Risk Public Perceptions 10/16/24 13 introduction
- 14. The Nature of the Accident Process Type of accident Probability of occurrenc e Potential for fatalities Potential for economic loss Fire High Low Intermediat e Explosio n Intermedia te Intermedia te High Toxic release Low High Low The Accident process: •Initiation •Propagation •Termination 10/16/24 14 introduction
- 20. An inherently safe plant relies on chemistry and physics to prevent accidents rather than on control systems, interlocks, redundancy, and special operating procedures to prevent accidents. The safety of a process relies on multiple layers of protection. The first layer of protection is the process design features. Subsequent layers include control systems, interlocks, safety shutdown systems, protective systems, alarms, and emergency response plans. Inherent safety is a part of all layers of protection. 10/16/24 introduction 20
- 21. Flixborough, England: June of 1974 10/16/24 introduction 21 Fatility:28 Injured:36 Damage: 1821 Houses Shop & factories: 167 70,000 caprolactum tons/an cyclohexanecyclohexanonecyclohexanol 155oC, 7.9 atm pr Inventories of 330,000 ga cyclohexane 66,000 ga naphtha 11,000 ga toluene 26,400 ga benzene 450 ga gasoline
- 22. 10/16/24 introduction 22 Bhopal, India HAZARD: HAZARD: Highly Toxic Highly Toxic Methyl Methyl Isocyanate Isocyanate The Rising Case for Change……….. • 1984 – Bhopal, India – Toxic Material Released
- 23. 10/16/24 introduction 23 2000 people died in Bhopal disaster
- 24. 10/16/24 introduction 24 More than 20000 civilians were injured.
- 25. 1-1. An employee works in a plant with a FAR of 4. If this employee works a 4-hr shift, 200 days per year, what is the expected deaths per person per year? 1-5. A plant employs 1500 full-time workers in a process with a FAR of 5. How many industrial related deaths are expected each year? 1-9. A university has 1200 full-time employees. In a particular year this university had 38 reportable lost-time injuries with a resulting 274 lost workdays. Compute the OSHA incidence rate based on injuries and lost workdays. 10/16/24 introduction 25
- 27. 10/16/24 introduction 27 Thank you for kind attention Safety Go hand in hand