Chapter 1-basic-concept-of-drr

International Framework on Disaster
Prepared By:
Rajib Pokhrel, Ph.D.
rajibpokhrel@gmail.com

Course Objective
• Examine the international
institutional framework in
disasters
• Explain the United Nations
Strategy for Disaster Risk
Reduction (UNISDR)
2/24Pu.edu.np
Reduction (UNISDR)
• Introduce the main disaster
databases
• Introduce and understand the
basic concepts on disaster risk
• Explain the concept and practice
of reducing disaster risks
https://www.google.com/search?q=international+framework+on+disaster&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=MyrNxfHmsnC8eM%253A%252CDHCwXt
O62Vy3yM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kThGkUDq913dpxeBokGfsnZwfR05Q&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7s8Oos7viAhUEWCsKHTUID4EQ9QEwAHoECAwQBg#imgdii=q1kpR1EmqSZ7HM:&imgrc=m
NfsrXg63szTjM:&vet=1 (5/27/2019)

Learning Outcomes
• Know the fundamentals of disaster
risk reduction strategies and
methods
• Look for and obtain relevant
information on international and
national disaster risk strategies and
3/24Pu.edu.np
national disaster risk strategies and
actions
• Comparative analysis of the different
databases
• Provide an overview to understand
and elaborate risk analysis reports
• Effectively communicate risk analysis
reports

Contents
1. Basic Concepts and Glossary on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
2. Origin, basis and developing of the UNISDR from 1960
3. Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 (HFA). Strategic and
systematic approach to reducing vulnerabilities and risks to
hazards, stressing on building the resilience of nations and
4/24Pu.edu.np
hazards, stressing on building the resilience of nations and
communities to disasters.
– Why Hyogo? Priorities for action
– Expected Outcomes and Strategic Goals
– Implementation and Follow Up
– Gaps and improvement Opportunities

Contents
4. Sendai Framework for Action 2015-
2030.
– Purpose and Targets
– Guiding Principles
– Disaster Risk Reduction within
5/24Pu.edu.np
– Disaster Risk Reduction within
Sustainable Developments Goal
– Indicators and Follow Up
– Global Summary Report 2017
– First monitoring results 2018 -not
released yet-

Chapter 1-basic-concept-of-drr

Contents
5. Global Assessment Reports 2009-2017.
– Purpose and results. Limitations
– Resources, practical applications
– Disaster Trends
– Contributing and Working Papers
– Country Profiles, Atlas 2017, Mobile Apps
6. UNISDR Initiative for Resilient Cities. Purpose. Practical Application of HFA
7/24Pu.edu.np
6. UNISDR Initiative for Resilient Cities. Purpose. Practical Application of HFA
7. Disaster Databases: Approach, information sources, limitations, outcomes
understanding
– Global Databases: EMDAT, SIGMA, NATCAT, Uppsala Conflict Data Program
– Regional Databases: ADRC, DesInventar
– Early Information Systems and Geographical Apps: ReliefWeb, Preventionweb,
IRIN, GDACS
– New Approaches

Related References links
• EMDAT - https://www.emdat.be/
• SIGMA - https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/sigma-research.html
• Uppsala - https://ucdp.uu.se/
• Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction :
https://www.preventionweb.net/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdf
• Sendai Framework Data Readiness Review:
https://www.unisdr.org/files/53080_entrybgpaperglobalsummaryreportdisa.pdf
• Technical Guidance of UNISDR: https://www.preventionweb.net/files/54970_techguidancefdigitalhr.pdf
• Global Assessment Report 2015 :
8/24Pu.edu.np
• Global Assessment Report 2015 :
https://www.preventionweb.net/english/hyogo/gar/2015/en/home/index.html
• GAR Atlas 2017: https://risk.preventionweb.net/capraviewer/main.jsp?countrycode=g15

What is Disaster?
Disaster :
- A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event
that seriously disrupts the functioning
of a community or society and causes
human, material, and economic or
environmental losses that exceed the
community's or society's ability to cope
using its own resources [1].
9/24Pu.edu.np
using its own resources [1].
- A disaster is a serious disruption,
occurring over a relatively short time, of
the functioning of a community or a
society involving widespread human,
material, economic or environmental
loss and impacts, which exceeds the
ability of the affected community or
society to cope using its own resources.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&ved=
2ahUKEwjs2ofdkb7iAhXz7nMBHfjlC8wQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=htt
ps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ffeature%2Fwhen-disaster-
strikes-nasa-brings-the-power-of-
space&psig=AOvVaw2AuM2DJ5XkhqSDwZ3ydkv_&ust=15591
29883980061

Disaster Risk Reduction
- “The conceptual framework of elements considered with the possibilities to
minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid
(prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the adverse impacts
of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development. [UNISDR
– 2009]”
10/24Pu.edu.np
Pakistan floods, 2010 Haiti earthquake, 2010
Hurricane Katrina, 2005 Great East Japan earthquake,2010

Terminologies
Vulnerability : The quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being
attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally.
- The quality of being vulnerable (= able to be easily hurt, influenced, or attacked), or
something that is vulnerable (Cambridge Dictionary)
Hazard : something that is dangerous and likely to cause damage (Cambridge
Dictionary)
11/24Pu.edu.np
- A hazard is an agent which has the potential to cause harm to a vulnerable target.
Risk: Possibility of something bad happening
- Risk is defined as the probability that exposure to a hazard will lead to a negative
consequence, or more simply, a hazard poses no risk if there is no exposure to
that hazard
- The probability of suffering damage (to life, property, economic disruptions and
environment) from a hazard for a given area and reference period. Risk is the
product of hazard and vulnerability

Disaster Risk
• EVERY COMMUNITY IS AT RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS, WHICH
CREATES AN URGENT NEED FOR PUBLIC POLICIES AND STRATEGIC PLANS
TO PREVENT, MITIGATE, AND PREPARE FOR THE INEVITABLE
World is at risk for
 FLOODS
12/24Pu.edu.np
 FLOODS
 SEVERE WINDSTORMS
 EARTHQUAKES
 TSUNAMIS
 DROUGHTS
 VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
 LANDSLIDES
 WILDFIRES
HAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDSHAZARDS EXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSUREEXPOSURE
VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATION
RISKRISKRISKRISK

• 100,000 THUNDERSTORMS
• 10,000 FLOODS
• THOUSANDS OF MODERATE TO LARGE-VOLUME LANDSLIDES
• THOUSANDS OF WILDFIRES
• 100 DAMAGING SIZE EARTHQUAKES
Disaster Risk
13/24Pu.edu.np
• 100 DAMAGING SIZE EARTHQUAKES
• SCORES TO HUNDREDS OF SEVERE WINDSTORMS
• ABOUT TEN VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS, TSUNAMIS, AND DROUGHTS
ALL PUBLIC POLICIES SHOULD BE BASED ON AN UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT CAN
HAPPEN AND AN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN TO KEEP IT FROM HAPPENING.

•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
DISASTER RISKDISASTER RISK
REDUCTIONREDUCTION
Database and
HAZARDS: GROUND
SHAKING GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC
DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN
UP AFTERSHOCKS
•PREVENTION-MITIGATION
•PREPAREDNESS
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY
•ADAPTATION
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
Database and
Information Communities

What is Disaster Risk Reduction?
• The conceptual framework of elements with possibilities to minimize:
– Hazards
– Vulnerabilities
– and therefore disaster risks to:
• Avoid (prevent) or
• Limit (mitigate and prepare for)
- It is the adverse impacts of hazards within the broad context of sustainable
15/24Pu.edu.np
- It is the adverse impacts of hazards within the broad context of sustainable
development
• Risk Management
– Prevention
– Mitigation
– Preparedness
– Response
– Recovery
• Risk Reduction
– Prevention
– Mitigation
– Preparedness

The Risk Reduction Cycle
Hazard
Analysis
Risk Reduction:
•Hazard mitigation
•Vulnerability reduction
Sustainable
development

What is Preparedness?
• Pre-disaster actions that result in
persons knowing what to do and how
to respond when disaster has occurs
o It is long-term
Part of a larger risk reduction programo Part of a larger risk reduction program
o Comprehensive application of sustainable
development
o All-hazard
o Multi-sectoral
o Culturally sensitive and specific
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi
RqavX0L7iAhXST30KHbtKDdQQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fww
w.wwf.or.id%2F%3F61843%2FAlat-Sistem-Deteksi-Dini-Bencana-
Kebakaran-Lahan-Gambut-EWS&psig=AOvVaw1BvlXpfz-
c7L_0g7NplLD6&ust=1559146790481068

Objectives of Public Health Emergency Preparedness
• Prevent morbidity and mortality
• Provide care for casualties
• Manage adverse climatic and environment conditions
• Ensure restoration of normal health
• Re-establish health services
• Protect staff
• Protect public health and medicinal assets

Keim’s 11 E’s of Emergency Preparedness (Mark Keim, CDC)
1. Economic incentive
2. Epidemiology (Epidemiology is the study of
the distribution and determinants of health-related
states or events (including disease), and the
application of this .)
3. Enforcement of codes
4. Emergency plans
5. Equipment stockpiling
6. Education
7. Exercise and drills
8. Early warning
9. Evacuation
10.Evaluation
11.Electronics (communication)
tj.blackwell, flickr

Disaster Risk management
• Definition: It is defined as the process of identifying, analyzing and
quantifying the probability of losses in order to undertake preventive or
corrective actions
• This involves two types of activities ;
– Planning actions to reduce vulnerability in areas where risk can be controlled,
and
– Establishing protective mechanisms against the potential economic losses
from uncontrollable factors of natural hazards
• It entails efforts and measures put in place to reduce risk in case of a disaster
happening
• It is also about commitments related to disaster and vulnerability reduction and
improved early warning

• There are three primary and interrelated categories in risk
management:
• risk identification
• risk reduction
• risk transfer
• These measures are mostly related to pre-disaster phases of
disaster risk management and reflect the new approach in
DRR
Disaster Risk management
DRR
• The pre-disaster phase of disaster risk management involves
four distinct but interrelated components.
• Risk identification,
• Risk reduction/mitigation,
• Risk transfer and
• Preparedness.

Risk identification
• The following activities help to identify and understand
natural hazard risk:
– Hazard data collection and mapping (frequency, magnitude and location) ,
– Vulnerability assessment (population and assets exposed),
– Risk assessment (probability of expected losses)
https://www.google.com/search?q=Hazard+map+of+asia&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=Owch6ZuQbrnuxM%253A%252C5mGt0yjMQx0hYM%252C_
&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kSmqxG0-Scu63pgjGnotcy8ieCFkw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzt6Hlzb_iAhXkQ3wKHfZ8Aa8Q9QEwAXoECAkQBg#imgdii=W37xHULTaX-
AzM:&imgrc=Owch6ZuQbrnuxM:&vet=1 (5/29/2019)

Risk reduction or Prevention/Mitigation:
• These are measures taken to eliminate or reduce the intensity
of a hazardous event.
• These measures address existing vulnerabilities through
measures like early warning
• Include actions such as:
Implementation and enforcement of building standardsImplementation and enforcement of building standards
Environmental protection measures
Resource management practices
Mention others?
• can be taken to reduce future vulnerability

References
[1] https://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster.../about-disasters/what-is-
a-disaster/
[2] Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction
Watch the movie related to disaster (The day after tomorrow):
https://youtu.be/46odjCE-q-A
25/24Pu.edu.np
https://youtu.be/46odjCE-q-A

Chapter 1-basic-concept-of-drr

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to Chapter 1-basic-concept-of-drr (20)

More from Mahendra Poudel (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Chapter 1-basic-concept-of-drr