Chapter 23 Lesson 1
- 1. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION CHAPTER 23: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND NATIONALISM LESSON 1
- 3. I. A REVOLUTION IN AGRICULTURE THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN GREAT BRITAIN
- 4. What was the significance of the Agricultural Revolution in Great Britain? Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Great Britain?
- 5. Enclosure Movement of the 1700s Enclosure laws allowed landowners to fence off land formerly used as common pasture. The map on the left shows a British farming area in 1700; the shaded areas are common pastures. The map on the right shows the same area in 1800, with the common pastures eliminated by fences.
- 6. Enclosure Movement of the 1700s Effects of enclosure laws: • Landowners fence in common lands. • Peasants move to towns to find work. • Factories benefit from new labor supply. • Remaining farms are larger, with increased crop yields.
- 7. • During the Middle Ages and after the Black Death, most of Europe went through an agricultural recession. • There were few innovations in technique, and production remained constant. • An open-field system was in place: Large plots of land had been cleared and divided into long strips owned by different farmers. • Often, a farmer's lands were discontinuous and scattered. • After the harvest had occurred, the communal fields were available to all for grazing sheep or other livestock on a free-range basis.
- 8. • The enclosure laws restricted the use of these fields, allowing the construction of fences or hedgerows that prevented communal grazing. • This practice began during the creation of large estates by the lords of manors. • Eventually, enclosure led to more efficient and profitable farming, free of the regulations that governed the open-field system.
- 9. THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION • ADVANCES IN FARMING • ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT HOW WOULD LACK OF ACCESS TO COMMON LANDS HAVE CHANGED THE WAY FARMERS LIVED?
- 10. II. CHANGES IN THE COTTON INDUSTRY
- 13. • In the Middle Ages, urban guilds controlled small- scale manufacturing by artisans. • Entrepreneurs used rural workers, who were supplied with raw materials and did the work for less pay. • This allowed rural families to have added income, marry younger, and have more children. • The work also provided a source of income to offset bad harvests, and it prepared workers for the types of tasks that would be found later in factories.
- 14. CHANGES IN THE COTTON INDUSTRY • SPINNING JENNYS AND STEM ENGINES • THE FIRST FACTORIES
- 16. III. COAL AND IRON, RAILROADS, AND FACTORIES
- 17. Inventions of the Industrial Revolution • Puddling o Produced bar iron without hammering o Faster production and better quality • Steam engine o Transformed transportation and agriculture o With James Watt’s improvements, enabled to drive machinery
- 18. COAL, IRON, AND RAILROADS • COAL USED TO POWER STEAM ENGINES • IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON PRODUCTION • RAILROADS REVOLUTIONIZE TRANSPORTATION
- 19. What connections can you see among the advances in iron production and the development of railroads?
- 20. JOURNAL QUESTION #2 Why was an unfailing source of power one of the keys to the Industrial Revolution?
- 22. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION CHAPTER 23: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND NATIONALISM LESSON 1
- 24. JOURNAL QUESTION #1 How are the subjects of the previous day's homework and the cartoon related?
- 25. I. INDUSTRIALIZATION ELSEWHERE THE SPREAD OF INDUSTRIALIZATION WHAT FACTORS FED THE SPREAD OF INDUSTRIALIZATION IN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA?
- 26. Spread of Industrialization to Europe and North America • Spread first to countries whose governments were ready for it: Belgium, France, Germany • Spread in America once population moved to cities from farms • Railway system was key factor in both Europe and United States
- 27. SPREAD OF INDUSTRIALIZATION • SUPPORT FROM EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS • INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE U.S. WHAT TYPE OF ASSISTANCE COULD A GOVERNMENT PROVIDE TO ENCOURAGE INDUSTRIALIZATION?
- 28. II. SOCIAL IMPACT SOCIAL IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION WHAT WAS THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION IN EUROPE?
- 29. Famine and Immigration • Famine and poverty caused many people in Europe to move to different countries in search of a better life. • A potato famine in Ireland killed a million people and caused a million more to emigrate to the United States. • Other Europeans emigrated to large cities in other countries, believing that industrialization brought new economic opportunities.
- 30. Early Socialist Utopia Proposed design for Robert Ower's utopian community at New Harmony, Indiana
- 31. Early Socialist Utopia Krupp factory in Essen, Germany
- 32. Early Socialist Utopia • Wealth could be distributed evenly if government controlled factory production. • Everyone’s basic needs—food, shelter, clothing— would be met. • Workers would be fulfilled by using their skills. What ideals were the early socialists striving for?