Chapter 3 with answer
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The document summarizes biodiversity and the classification of living organisms. It discusses how biodiversity refers to the variety of species in a given area. Organisms are classified into domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species based on their characteristics. Animals are divided into vertebrates and invertebrates, while plants are divided into flowering and non-flowering. The document also notes that biodiversity is important as it balances nature, provides sources of medicine and raw materials, and recycles air.
Chapter 3 with answer
- 1. Chapter 3: Biodiversity 3.1) The Variety of Living Organisms 1. Biodiversity is the variety of different types of living organisms in a particular area. 2. Classifications is the sorting of living organisms into groups based on common characteristics. Living organisms Animals Plants Invertebrate Vertebrate Non-flowering Flowering Fish Algae Monocotyledons Reptiles Mosses Dicotyledons Amphibians Ferns Birds Conifers Mammals 3.2) Classification of Animals 1. Animals are divided into vertebrate and invertebrate 2. Invertebrate Jointed legs Without jointed legs 3 pairs of legs 4 pairs of legs Worm-like Non-worm like Grasshopper Spider Earthworm Squid Ants Scorpions Roundworm Octopus Cockroach Ticks Starfish More than 4 pairs of legs Crab Prawns Centipede 1 © Gabriel Chua, 2013
- 2. 3. Vertebrates Aspect Fish Reptiles Amphibians Birds Mammals Live in Water Mostly in Young: Air and land Mostly in land Water land except Adult: whales and Land and dolphins water Blood Cold-blooded Cold-blooded Cold-blooded Warm- Warm- temperature blooded blooded Body Scales Dry scaly Moist skin Feather Fur covered with skins Movement Swim by fins Limbs Young: Fly using Limbs Swim by fins wings Adult: Jump and swim by limbs Breathe by Gills Lungs Young: Lungs Lungs Gills Adult: Lungs and skin Reproduction Lay eggs, Lay eggs, Lay eggs, Lay eggs, Give birth External Internal External Internal except for fertilization fertilization fertilization fertilization platypus & anteater, Internal fertilisation 3.3) Classifications of Plants 1. Plants can be divided into flowering and non-flowering plants. 2. Both flowering and non-flowering plants have chlorophyll to make their own food. 2 © Gabriel Chua, 2013
- 3. 3. Non-flowering Algae Mosses Ferns Conifers Unicell or Simple plant Have true Have true multicell No true stem, stem, leaves stems, leaves No true stem, leaves and and roots and roots leaves and roots Reproduce by Produce roots Reproduce by spores cones Live in water spores Grow in Reproduce and moist Live in damp moist and through seeds areas areas shady areas in cones 4. Flowering plants have flowers, reproduce by seeds and have true leaves, stems and roots. 5. Flowering plants Monoctyledons Dicotyledons Produce seeds with 1 cotyledons Produce seeds with 2 cotyledons Leaves have parallel veins Leaves have netted veins Flower petals in multiple of 3 Flower petals in multiple of 4 or 5 Have fibrous roots Have tap roots Herbaceous plants (soft stem) Woody stems (hard) 3.4) Importance of Biodiversity 1. Importance of biodiversity are: a) Balance the nature All living organisms depend on each other for survival b) Source of medicines and herbs Some plants and animals have medicinal properties such as tongkat ali and Pokok Bintangor. c) Source of raw materials Raw materials from plants and animals are used for making furniture, clothing etc. 3 © Gabriel Chua, 2013
- 4. d) Source of fresh air Air (oxygen and carbon dioxide) is recycled with the presence of both animals and plants. p/s: Other correct explanations are acceptable too. 4 © Gabriel Chua, 2013