Chapter 4 computer software
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This document discusses different types of computer software, including application software and system software. It provides examples of various application software such as word processing programs, spreadsheets, presentation software, and personal information managers. It also discusses types of system software like operating systems and database management systems. The document outlines the basic functions of operating systems, which include managing resources, files, and tasks to maximize productivity and efficiency.
Chapter 4 computer software
- 1. Chapter - 4 Computer Software
- 2. Software • Software are programs that are used to operate and manipulate computers and their peripheral devices • A set of instruction code that are executed by the system processor • Application software and System software
- 3. Types of Application & System Software
- 4. Application Software • General Purpose – Programs that perform common information processing jobs for end users – E.g., word processing, spreadsheet – Also call productivity packages – Virtual owner owns intellectual property rights
- 5. • Custom Software – Software applications developed within an organization for use by that organization – Organization who develops it also uses it – Changes big or small, occur at any time – Have full control – Access to the coding and documentation Application Software
- 6. • Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) – Many copies sold – Minimal changes beyond scheduled upgrades – Purchasers have no control over specifications, schedule, or evolution, and no access to source code or internal documentation – Product vendor retains the intellectual property rights of the software Application Software
- 7. • Open-source Software – Developers collaborate on the development of an application using programming standards which allow anyone to contribute to the software – As each developer completes a project, the application code becomes available and free to anyone who wants it Application Software
- 8. • Function-Specific Application Software Business Application software / Application specific programs – Thousands of these packages support specific applications of end users, especially in businesses – Business application software supports the reengineering and automation of business processes with strategic e-business applications – Examples: customer relationship management, enterprise resource planning, supply chain management, Web-enabled electronic commerce , data mining tools, enterprise information portals, KMS Application Software
- 9. Software Suites, Integrated Packages • Most widely used productivity packages are bundled together as software suites • Advantages Cost less than buying individual packages All have similar GUI Work well together • Disadvantages All features not used Takes a lot of disk space (bloatware) Application Software
- 10. 4-10 Presentation Graphics • Common presentation graphics packages… – Converts numeric data into graphics displays – Used to create multimedia presentations of graphics, photos, animation, and video clips – E.g., Microsoft PowerPoint, Lotus Freelance, Corel Presentations – Top packages can tailor files for transfer in HTML format to websites
- 11. 4-11 Personal Information Managers • Software for end user productivity and collaboration – Stores information about clients – Manages schedules, appointments, tasks – Most include ability to access the Web and provide e-mail capabilities – Some support team collaboration by sharing information with other PIM users – E.g., Lotus Organizer, Microsoft Outlook
- 12. 4-12 Groupware • Software that helps workgroups collaborate on group assignments – E-mail, discussion groups, databases, video conferencing – E.g., Lotus Notes, Novell GroupWise, Microsoft Exchange – Windows SharePoint Services and WebSphere both allow teams to create websites for information sharing and document collaboration
- 13. 4-13 Software Alternatives • Outsourcing development and maintenance of software • Application service providers (ASPs) – Companies that own, operate, and maintain application software and computer system resources – Use the application for a fee over the Internet – Pay-as-you-go – Use expected to accelerate in the coming years
- 14. System Software • System software are the programs that manage and support a computer system and its information processing activities • 2 Types of system software – System Management Programs • The programs that manage the hardware, software, network and data resources of computer systems during the execution of various information processing jobs of users • Ex. OS, DBMS, Network Mgmt Sys, System Utilities
- 15. System Software • 2 Types of system software – System Development Programs • Programs that help user to develop information processing programs and procedures and prepare user programs for computer processing. • Ex. Programing language translators and editors, CASE
- 16. System Software Operating System • Integrated system of programs that – Manages the operation of CPU – Controls Input/Output, Storage resources and activities of computer system – Provides various support services as the computer executes the application programs of users • Helping access a network, entering data, saving and retrieving files, printing and displaying output • Primary purpose of OS is to maximize the productivity of a computer system by operating it in the most efficient manner • OS tries to minimize the human intervention required during processing • Most indispensable component of the software interface between users and the hardware
- 17. Interface Between End Users and Computer
- 18. Operating System Basic Functions
- 19. 1. User Interface • The part of the operating system that allows you to communicate with it • Three main types: Command-driven, Menu-driven, GUI 2. Resource Management • Part of the operating system that manages the hardware and networking resources of a computer system – Includes CPU, memory, secondary storage devices, telecommunications, and input/output peripherals – Keeping track of where data and programs are stored – Subdividing memory; providing virtual memory capability Operating System Basic Functions
- 20. 3. File Management • Part of the operating system that controls the creation, deletion, and access of files and programs – Keeps track of physical location on storage devices – Maintains directories of information about the location and characteristics of stored files 4. Task Management • Part of the operating system that manages the accomplishment of end user computing tasks – Controls which task gets access to the CPU, and for how long – Can interrupt the CPU at any time to substitute a higher priority task – Supports preemptive and cooperative multi-tasking and multi- processing Operating System Basic Functions
- 21. Other system management programs • Utilities – Miscellaneous housekeeping functions – Example: Norton utilities includes data backup, virus protection, data compression, etc. • Performance Monitors – Programs that monitor and adjust computer system to keep them running efficiently • Security Monitors – Monitor and control use of computer systems to prevent unauthorized use of resources
- 22. Middleware • Application Servers provide an interface between an operating system and the application programs of users • Middleware – Software that helps diverse software applications exchange data and work together more efficiently – Web