Chapter 5
- 1. Chapter 5 Section I
- 2. Nonrenewable energy resources energy resources that can be used up; that take millions of years to form and are used faster that can be replenished
- 3. Fossil Fuels form from the remains of plants and other organisms that were buried and altered over millions of years
- 4. Coal 1 – contains at least 50% plant remains 2- generates electricity 3 – current reserves will only last another 250 years
- 5. Oil produced from microscopic marine organisms produce gas, fuels, lubricants, plastics, AND FERTILIZERS ($$$$$$)!!!
- 7. Natural Gas produced from microscopic marine organisms 1 – mainly used for heating and cooking current US reserves will only last another 60 years
- 8. Nuclear Energy splitting of heavy elements to produce energy (fission)
- 9. Nuclear Energy URANIUM-235 IS THE FUEL FOR FISSION REACTIONS IN POWER PLANTS. ADVANTAGES: NO AIR OR WATER POLLUTION / SMALL AMOUNT OF FUEL GIVES A LARGE AMOUNT OF HEAT! DISADVANTAGES: RADIACTIVE WASTE MUST BE MANAGED AND STORED FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME!
- 10. Section II Renewable energy resources – energy resources that are replaced over a relatively short time – 100 years or less
- 11. Inexhaustible energy resources that are constant and will not run out
- 12. Solar – energy from the sun “ SOLAR CELLS” used in satellites, calculators, streetlights, cars, etc. TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY! not readily usable on cloudy days or at night
- 13. Wind Farms – areas with strong enough winds windmills and wind vanes create electricity few regions of the world have strong enough or steady enough winds visual pollution
- 15. Hydroelectric - running water flowing over dams, down waterfalls and rapids electricity from dams water wheels for grinding; individual local use dams create environment problems
- 16. Geothermal – energy obtained from Earth’s interior; hot magma or dry hot rocks HEAT USED TO MAKE STEAM TO CREATE ELECTRICITY. ICELAND / HAWAII
- 17. Biomass Energy – energy from burning organic material alcohol – corn can be distilled into ethanol and used as a fuel – with or without another fuel added to the ethanol. GASAHOL USED IN VIRGINIA.
- 18. Wood – most commonly used biomass fuel – burning for heat 1 – causes pollution 2 – disrupts natural habitats when trees are cut down
- 19. Garbage – trash burning power plants burn garbage to generate electricity air pollution and toxic ash residue
- 20. Section III
- 21. Mineral Resources Deposits of energy resources that can be mined
- 22. “ ORE”: A MIXTURE OF PARENT MATERIAL AND A VALUABLE, USABLE RESOURCE SUCH AS IRON, COPPER, OTHER METALS.
- 23. METALLIC MINERAL RESOURCES: 1 – minerals that can be mined at a profit 2 – quantities large enough to be worth removing
- 24. 3 – relatively easy to separate from parent material. 4 – has to be in demand – supply and demand
- 25. Nonmetallic Mineral Resources any mineral resources not used as fuels or as sources of metals
- 26. Industrial minerals sandstone for glass making, halite for table and road salt, garnet for abrasive sandpaper
- 27. Nonmetal Mineral Resources used for building materials including aggregate (for concrete), gypsum (for plaster and wallboards), and building stone (granite, limestone, and sandstone)
- 28. Virginia Mineral Resources coal – for fuel
- 29. Limestone – building stone
- 30. gravel – construction (concrete and road beds)
- 31. Crushed rock construction (concrete and road beds)
- 32. Titanium lightweight, durable (wheelchairs, auto and airplane parts, non-toxic (repair broken bones found in coastal plains – black sand