Chapter 6, triangles For Grade -10
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This document provides an overview of triangles, including their properties, types, similarity, areas of similar triangles, and Pythagorean theorem. It defines triangles as polygons with three sides and angles, and notes the angle sum property. Triangles are classified by angle and side length into right, obtuse, acute, isosceles, equilateral, and scalene varieties. Similarity is discussed, along with criteria like equal angles and proportional sides. Areas of similar triangles are directly proportional to a scale factor. Finally, the Pythagorean theorem and its applications to find missing sides of right triangles are covered.
Chapter 6, triangles For Grade -10
- 1. By Sri.Siddalingeshwara BP M.Sc, B.Ed, (P.hd) TRIANGLES Chapter-6 For Class-X
- 2. Content: 1.Introduction to Triangles Properties of Triangles Types of triangles Polygons Congruent 2.Similarity of Triangles (2 Theorem) 3.Criteria for Similarity of Triangles (3 Theorem) 4. Areas of Similar Triangles (1 Theorem) 5. Pythagoras Theorem (3 Theorem)
- 3. 1.Introduction to Triangles As the name suggests, the triangle is a polygon that has three angles. So, when does a closed figure has three angles? When it has three line segments joined end to end. Thus, we can say that a triangle is a polygon, which has three sides, three angles, three vertices and the sum of all three angles of any triangle equals 1800.
- 5. Properties of Triangle. A triangle has three sides, three angles, and three vertices. The sum of the length of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the third side.
- 6. • The sum of all internal angles of a triangle is always equal to 1800. This is called the angle sum property of a triangle. Example:
- 7. Types of Triangles Triangles can be classified in 2 major ways: Classification according to internal angles Classification according to the length of its sides By Length In geometry, an equilateral triangle is a triangle in which all three sides have the same length. an isosceles triangle is a triangle that has two sides of equal length.
- 8. By Angle 1.one angle that measures exactly 900 2. The side opposite to the right angle is the largest side of the triangle and is called the hypotenuse. all three angles less than 900 one angle that measures more than 900 Each interior angle of an equilateral triangle = 60 degree
- 9. Polygon 1. A polygon is a closed plane figure with three or more sides that are all straight. 2. Circle is a polygon? Ans: NO Two polygon are said to be similar a. They have same number of sides b. Their corresponding angles are equal c. All corresponding sides are in proportional i.e they are in the same ratio.
- 10. Congruent 1. Two geometrical figures are said to be similar if they have same shape but may or may not have same size. 2. Two geometrical figures are said to be congruent they have same shape and same size. 3. All congruent figures are similar but all similar may or may not be congruent.
- 11. EXERCISE 6.1
- 12. 2. Similarity of Triangles. If two triangles are similar, if 1.Their corresponding angles are equal and 2. Their corresponding sides are in the same ratio (or Proportion) “The ratio of any two corresponding sides in two equiangular triangles is always the same” This is from basic proportionality theorem(BPT) known as Thales Theorem. By Greek mathematician Thales.
- 13. To Understand BPT, Let us Perform the following ACTIVITY
- 15. C (BPT Theorem)
- 19. ( Converse of BPT Theorem)
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- 26. 3.Criteria for Similarity of Triangles D
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- 37. EXERCISE 6.3
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- 45. 4. Area of similar Triangles
- 47. Median of a Triangle: In geometry, a median of a triangle is a line segment joining a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side, thus bisecting that side. Every triangle has exactly three medians, one from each vertex, and they all intersect each other at the triangle's centroid In the Case AD are the Median i.e AD=DE AE=AD+DE AE= AD+AD AE=2AD if BD=DC BC=BD+DC BC=DC+DC BC=2DC
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- 51. An equilateral triangle described on one side of a square is equal to half the area of the equilateral triangle descries on one of its diagonal ABCD is a square and DB is a diagonal. 𝐷𝐵2
- 52. 5 Pythagoras Theorem Pythagorean Theorem is one of the most fundamental theorems in mathematics and it defines the relationship between the three sides of a right-angled triangle. You are already aware of the definition and properties of a right-angled triangle. It is the triangle with one of its angles as a right angle, that is, 90 degrees. The side that is opposite to the 90-degree angle is known as the hypotenuse. The other two sides that are adjacent to the right angle are called legs of the triangle. The Pythagoras theorem, also known as the Pythagorean theorem, states that the square of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of squares of the lengths of other two sides of the right-angled triangle. Or, the sum of the squares of the two legs of a right triangle is equal to the square of its hypotenuse.
- 53. Hypotenuse2 = Perpendicular2 + Bas Let us call one of the legs on which the triangle rests as its base. The side opposite to the right angle is its hypotenuse, as we already know. The remaining side is called the perpendicular. So, mathematically, we represent the Pythagoras theorem as:
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- 74. References: 1. NCERT Text book 2. Google Source THANK YOU