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- 2. Chapter Introduction Section 1: The President and Vice President Section 2: The President’s Job Section 3: Making Foreign Policy Section 4: Presidential Advisers and Executive Agencies Visual Summary
- 3. Guide to Reading Big Idea The Constitution gives the executive branch the power to execute, or implement, the law.
- 4. The Office of the President As the head of the executive branch of our federal government, the president holds one of the most powerful and important elective offices in the world.
- 5. The Office of the President (cont.) • The president of the United States leads the executive branch of the United States’ government.
- 6. The Office of the President (cont.) • Qualifications listed in the Constitution – At least 35 years old – Native-born American citizen – Resident of the U.S. for at least 14 years
- 7. The Office of the President (cont.) • Electoral College – Electors cast votes to select the president – Number of votes based on number of Congressional seats – Most states use a “winner-take-all” system for winner of popular vote Presidential Succession
- 8. The Office of the President (cont.) • Four-year presidential term; limit of two terms • Salary and benefits: – Annual salary of $400,000 – White House and Camp David – Air Force One for travel
- 9. The Office of the President (cont.) • Vice president: – Elected with the president – Becomes president if the president resigns or dies in office
- 10. Presidential Succession The office of the president has an established order of succession.
- 11. Presidential Succession (cont.) • The Constitution sets up a line of succession in case the president dies or is forced to leave office.
- 12. Presidential Succession (cont.) • Twenty-fifth Amendment: – Vice president takes over as president – Names all the positions in line for the presidency
- 13. Guide to Reading Big Idea The Constitution gives the executive branch the power to execute, or implement, the law.
- 14. Constitutional Powers The source for the president’s authority is Article II of the Constitution.
- 15. Constitutional Powers (cont.) • The powers of the president are outlined in Article II of the Constitution. • Only federal office elected by entire nation
- 16. Constitutional Powers (cont.) • Presidential powers outlined in Constitution: – Veto legislation – Call Congress into special session – Commander in chief of the armed forces – Receive foreign leaders – Make treaties
- 17. Constitutional Powers (cont.) – Appoint heads of agencies, judges, ambassadors, and other officials – Pardon or reduce federal sentences • Consults with and gives information to Congress
- 18. Roles of the President The president fills many roles that are important to the functioning of the United States government.
- 19. Roles of the President (cont.) • The president serves several major functions including the chief executive, the head of the armed forces, and legislative leader.
- 20. Roles of the President (cont.) • Chief executive: – Carries out the nation’s laws using cabinet and millions of federal employees – Executive order – Appoints Supreme Court justices and other federal judges
- 21. Roles of the President (cont.) • Grants pardons, reprieves, and amnesty • Directs foreign policy
- 22. Roles of the President (cont.) • Commander in chief: – Official commander of all branches of the armed forces – Shares power to declare war with Congress
- 23. Roles of the President (cont.) • Legislative leader: – President pushes legislation that furthers the president’s goals
- 24. Roles of the President (cont.) • Other roles: – Head of state – Economic leader – Party leader
- 25. Guide to Reading Big Idea Under our federal system, the executive, legislative, and judicial branches share the responsibility of governing the nation.
- 26. The President and Foreign Policy As commander in chief and chief diplomat, the president leads the nation’s armed forces and directs U.S. foreign policy.
- 27. The President and Foreign Policy (cont.) • The president’s job includes establishing foreign policy, which can involve the use of diplomacy, military power, or both. • Often centered on national security • Makes Treaties and executive agreements based on economics or mutual defense
- 28. The President and Foreign Policy (cont.) • Appointing ambassadors as representatives to other countries • Facilitating or blocking international trade through trade sanctions or embargos
- 29. Guide to Reading Big Idea The Constitution gives the executive branch the power to execute, or implement, the law.
- 30. Organization of the Federal Branch The executive branch is made up of the top advisers and assistants who help the president carry out major duties.
- 31. Organization of the Federal Branch (cont.) • The president appoints many advisers and assistants to help carry out the duties of the executive branch.
- 32. Organization of the Federal Branch (cont.) • Executive office – Headed by White House Chief of Staff – Contains powerful advisers
- 33. Organization of the Federal Branch (cont.) • Office of Management and Budget prepares the federal budget • National Security Council helps with military and foreign policy • Office of Administration performs administrative tasks • Council of Economic Advisers addresses employment, tax policy, inflation, and foreign trade
- 34. The Cabinet The cabinet is an advisory group chosen by the president to help accomplish the work of the executive branch.
- 35. The Cabinet (cont.) • The president’s main advisers belong to the cabinet, which is made up of the people who head the major areas of the executive branch. The Executive Office of the President
- 36. The Cabinet (cont.) • Cabinet comprises of the heads of 14 departments: – Meets as president needs – Some presidents rely heavily on Cabinet, others less so The President’s Cabinet
- 37. The Cabinet (cont.) • Increased roles of vice presidents and First Ladies – Recent presidents have given more responsibility to vice presidents – First Ladies often promote specific social issues
- 38. The Federal Bureaucracy The federal bureaucracy has grown over the years and assumes an important role in making public policy.
- 39. The Federal Bureaucracy (cont.) • The agencies that make up the federal bureaucracy are responsible for the operation of the federal government. • Implements new laws and decide how they apply to daily life • Administers the day-to-day operations of the federal government
- 40. The Federal Bureaucracy (cont.) • Regulates the activities of businesses and individuals • Includes hundreds of independent agencies – Executive agencies work with specialized areas – Government corporations – Regulatory boards and commissions
- 41. The Federal Bureaucracy (cont.) • Political appointees • Civil service system based on merit system
- 42. The Presidency • The president is head of the executive branch of the federal government and is our nation’s top political leader. • The source for the president’s authority is Article II of the Constitution, which says that “the executive power shall be vested in the president of the United States of America.”
- 43. Electing the President • Presidents are elected through an indirect method called the Electoral College.
- 44. Responsibilities • According to the Constitution, the president’s main job is to carry out the laws passed by Congress. • As head of the executive branch of government, the president must make decisions that affect the lives of all Americans.
- 45. Roles of the President In carrying out the responsibilities of the office, the president must play a number of different roles. These roles are: • Chief executive • Chief diplomat • Commander in chief • Legislative leader • Head of state • Economic leader • Party leader
- 46. Tools of Foreign Policy The president and Congress use many tools to carry out American foreign policy. These tools include: • Treaties and executive agreements • Appointing ambassadors • Foreign aid • International trade • Military force
- 47. Organization of the Federal Government • President • Vice President • Executive Office of the President • Executive departments • Federal bureaucracy
- 56. Electoral College a group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president
- 57. elector person appointed to vote in presidential elections for the major candidates
- 58. display to put in plain view
- 59. outcome the result of an action or event
- 60. executive order a rule or command that has the force of law
- 61. pardon a declaration of forgiveness and freedom from punishment
- 62. reprieve an order to delay a person’s punishment until a higher court can hear the case
- 63. amnesty a pardon to a group of people
- 64. require to have a need for or to order
- 65. impact to influence or effect
- 66. policy a guiding course of action
- 67. foreign policy a nation’s overall plan for dealing with other nations
- 68. national security the ability to keep the country safe from attack or harm
- 69. treaty a formal agreement between the governments of two or more countries
- 70. executive agreement an agreement between the president and the leader of another country
- 71. ambassador an official representative of a country’s government
- 72. trade sanction an effort to punish another nation by imposing trade barriers
- 73. embargo an agreement among a group of nations that prohibits them all from trading with a target nation
- 74. method a procedure or process of doing something
- 75. target a goal or aim
- 76. cabinet a group of advisers to the president that includes the heads of 14 top-level executive departments
- 77. federal bureaucracy the collective agencies and employees of the executive branch
- 78. independent agency federal board or commission that is not part of any cabinet department
- 79. government corporation a business owned and operated by the federal government
- 80. political appointee a person appointed to a federal position by the president
- 81. civil service worker person hired into a federal position
- 82. civil service system the practice of hiring government workers on the basis of open, competitive examinations and merit
- 83. spoils system rewarding people with government jobs on the basis of their political support
- 84. merit system hiring people into government jobs on the basis of their qualifications
- 85. monitor to watch or observe
- 86. role the function of a person or thing
- 87. To use this Presentation Plus! product: Click the Forward button to go to the next slide. Click the Previous button to return to the previous slide. Click the Home button to return to the Chapter Menu. Click the Transparency button from the Chapter Menu or Chapter Introduction slides to access the TIME Transparency that is relevant to this chapter. From within a section, click on this button to access the relevant Daily Focus Skills Transparency. Click the Return button in a feature to return to the main presentation. Click the Economics Online button to access online textbook features. Click the Reference Atlas button to access the Interactive Reference Atlas. Click the Exit button or press the Escape key [Esc] to end the chapter slide show. Click the Help button to access this screen. Links to Presentation Plus! features such as Graphs in Motion, Charts in Motion, and figures from your textbook are located at the bottom of relevant screens.
- 88. This slide is intentionally blank.