The 30-hour SQL Server 2017 training schedule covers topics from basic SQL queries to advanced concepts like stored procedures, functions, triggers and views over 15 modules in 30 hours, with modules focusing on TSQL operations, joins, DDL, DML, stored procedures, functions, triggers, views, and troubleshooting and performance optimization techniques. The schedule provides a comprehensive overview of SQL Server 2017 from installation to advanced topics with over 30 detailed agenda items and an estimated time duration for each.