Chapter01 2015
- 1. Introduction To Information Technology 1 1.1 Overview of Information Technology a) Explain Information Technology b) Discuss the applications of Information Technology c) Explain different categories of computers At the end of this topic, students should be able to:
- 2. Information Technology (IT) • Information technology or IT can be defined briefly as the use of computer hardware and software to store, retrieve, and manipulate information. 2 computer hardware and software manage information a) Explain Information Technology
- 3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Information Technology Advantages Speed Reliability Consistency Storage Communications Disadvantages Health Risks Violation of Privacy Public Safety Impact on Labor Force Impact on Environment Discovering Computers : Chapter 1 3Pages 9 - 10
- 4. Advantages • Speed: When data, instructions, and information flow along electronic circuits in a computer, they travel at incredibly fast speeds. Many computers process billions or trillions of operations in a single second. • Reliability: The electronic components in modern computers are dependable and reliable because they rarely break or fail. • Consistency: Given the same input and processes, a computer will produce the same results — consistently. Computers generate error-free results, provided the input is correct and the instructions work. • Storage: Computers store enormous amounts of data and make this data available for processing anytime it is needed. • Communications: Most computers today can communicate with other computers, often wirelessly. Computers allow users to communicate with one another. 4Page 10 Discovering Computers : Chapter 1
- 5. Disadvantages • Violation of Privacy: In many instances, where personal and confidential records stored on computers were not protected properly, individuals have found their privacy violated and identities stolen. • Public Safety: Adults, teens, and children around the world are using computers to share publicly their photos, videos, journals, music, and other personal information. Some of these unsuspecting, innocent computer users have fallen victim to crimes committed by dangerous strangers. • Impact on Labor Force: Although computers have improved productivity and created an entire industry with hundreds of thousands of new jobs, the skills of millions of employees have been replaced by computers. Thus, it is crucial that workers keep their education up-to-date. A separate impact on the labor force is that some companies are outsourcing jobs to foreign countries instead of keeping their homeland labor force employed. 5Page 10 Discovering Computers : Chapter 1
- 6. Disadvantages (continue) • Health Risks: Prolonged or improper computer use can lead to health injuries or disorders. Computer users can protect themselves from health risks through proper workplace design, good posture while at the computer, and appropriately spaced work breaks. Two behavioral health risks are computer addiction and technology overload. Computer addiction occurs when someone becomes obsessed with using a computer. Individuals suffering from technology overload feel distressed when deprived of computers and mobile devices. • Impact on Environment: Computer manufacturing processes and computer waste are depleting natural resources and polluting the environment. Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer. Strategies that support green computing include recycling, regulating manufacturing processes, extending the life of computers, and immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers. 6Page 10 Discovering Computers : Chapter 1
- 7. 7Pages 34 - 36 Figures 1-36 – 1-39 b) Discuss the applications of Information Technology Finance • Loan processing system • Finance Investment system • Online banking services • Electronic payment system Education • Learning Management System (LMS) • Computer Based Training (CBT) • Courseware • E-Learning Portal • Instructional Video
- 8. 8Pages 34 - 36 Figures 1-36 – 1-39 Government • E-Filing – Online system for declaring tax. • HRMIS – Online system for updating government employee information • E-syariah - The portal will serve as a gateway for providing information to the public and members of the Syariah Court to get the latest information about the rules and procedures of the court. Public could also send online queries to the court via this portal. Health Care • Counter registration System • Telemedicine: Health care professionals in separate locations conduct live conferences on the computer. • Tele-surgery : Remote surgery , a surgeon performs an operation on a patient who is not located in the same physical room as the surgeon Medline : provides product and clinical solutions Provides consulting and management services. Chat room that allow patient to talk/chat to others diagnosed with similar condition.
- 9. 9Pages 36 - 38 Figures 1-40 – 1-43 Science Hawk-Eye Officiating System – Ball tracking technology, advance simulator and coaching system for the sporting world. Virtual Reality – Use of computer to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as 3D space Neural network A system that attempt to imitate the behavior of human brain. Implant devices –e.g: A cochlear implant allow a deaf person to listen Publishing • Digital Newspaper – Use of IT that allows people to read newspaper online • Digital Magazine – Use IT that allows people to read magazine online • Online Photo Printing • Online card printing
- 10. 10Pages 36 - 38 Figures 1-40 – 1-43 Travel Global Positioning System (GPS) – IT application that helps users to track routes for specific location Automatic Roaming System – Telecommunication companies provide automatic roaming for travelers to travel abroad Online Reservation System – Transportation & accommodation reservation can be done through website Manufacturing • Computer-Aided Design (CAD) • Computer –Aided Manufacturing (CAM) CAD and CAM are IT application used to speed up and improve accuracy of the process for tasks
- 11. A World of Computers • Computers are everywhere 11Pages 4 - 5 Figure 1-1 c) Explain different categories of computers
- 12. Categories of Computers Supercomputers Mainframes Personal Computers Mobile Computers Mobile Devices Embedded Computers 12
- 13. Supercomputers • A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer – Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second 13Page 25 Figure 1-27
- 14. Mainframes • A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously 14Page 25 Figure 1-26
- 15. Personal Computer • A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself • Two popular architectures are the PC and the Apple – Desktop computer 15Pages 19 - 20 Figures 1-15 - 1-16
- 16. Mobile Computers Personal computer you can carry from place to place Examples include notebook computers, laptop computers, netbooks, ultra-thins, and Tablet PCs Mobile Computer 16Pages 20 - 23
- 17. Mobile Devices Computing device small enough to hold in your hand Examples include smart phones and PDAs, e-book readers, handheld computers, portable media players, and digital cameras Mobile Device 17Pages 20 - 23
- 18. Embedded Computers • An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product 18 Consumer Electronics • Mobile and digital telephones • Digital televisions • Cameras • Video recorders • DVD players and recorders • Answering machines Home Automation Devices • Thermostats • Sprinkling systems • Security monitoring systems • Appliances • Lights Automobiles • Antilock brakes • Engine control modules • Airbag controller • Cruise control Process Controllers and Robotics • Remote monitoring systems • Power monitors • Machine controllers • Medical devices Computer Devices and Office Machines • Keyboards • Printers • Faxes • Copiers
- 19. 19Page 26 Figure 1-28 Figure shows some of the many embedded computer in cars.
- 20. Characteristics & capabilities for different categories of computers : computers: Physical size Speed Storage (referring to memory) Supercomputer A big room of connected processors Tens of thousands of processors at clock speed 3.83 GHz, delivering 33.86 PetaFLOPS Extremely large storage. Example: 3.1 PB Mainframe Multiple racks, each the size of a fridge Dozens of processors Very large & addable storage. Example:4.6 TB Personal computer Desktop Fits on a desk, on a lap, or in a hand. Single processor (1.5-2.5 Ghz) Large. Example: 500 GB Mobile computer Mobile computer is small enough to fit easily in a briefcase or hold in your hand - - Mobile devices Mobile Devices such as smart phone size is fits in the palm of your hand or a pocket size - - Embedded computer Size is very small. It is mounted on a circuit board and then installed in a machine or appliance using wires to carry input and output signals - - 20
- 21. References Leary, T. J., & Leary, L. I. (2012).Computing essentials 2012 (Complete ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Ismail Shaari (2008). Score A information and communication technology Shelly, G. B., & Vermaat, M. (2012).Discovering computers: your interactive guide to the digital world (Complete ed.). Boston, Mass.: Course Technology/Cengage Learning. Hooi, Y. K., & Jung, L.T. (2014).Computer science for matriculation semester 1. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford Fajar SB. 21