Chapter5 integumentarymarieb
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The document summarizes the structure and functions of the integumentary system. It describes the layers of the epidermis including the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum. It also details the layers of the dermis, including the papillary and reticular layers. Additionally, it discusses the hypodermis and accessory structures of the skin like hair, nails, and glands.
Chapter5 integumentarymarieb
- 1. You gotta have skin; All you really need is skin. Skin's the thing, that if you've got it outside, It helps keep your insides in. Alan Sherman (1924-1973) Ch 4: Integumentary System
- 2. Cutaneous Membrane Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis Accessory Structures Excretory glands (?) Hair Nails
- 5. Type of Epithelium Avascular Different layers (=strata) 4 layers in thin skin 5 layers in thick skin
- 6. Cell types: Stem cells (basal cells) Melanocytes Merkel cells (touch receptors in hairless skin only) Stratum germinativum = stratum basale Innermost, single layer
- 7. Stem cell daughter cells (some can still divide) Establishment of Desmosomes The desmosomes create the “spines” as artifact pulls the cells apart Several cells thick Stratum spinosum
- 8. Cells displaced from stratum spinosum Keratinocytes Production of keratohyalin and keratin fibers Cells start to die. Dehydration leaves interlocked layers of keratin and keratohyalin Stratum granulosum Small granules of keratin
- 9. In “thick skin”, i.e., palms of hands and soles of feet Cells do not stain well clear (lucid) looking Stratum lucidum Mostly keratin
- 10. Many layers of flattened, dead cells, filled with keratin Continually sloughed Water-resistant but not water proof ( insensible perspiration) Relatively dry - advantage? Keratinization occurs everywhere except for anterior surface of eye Stratum corneum 15-30 layers (much thicker in thick skin)
- 11. Up to 6 x thicker Where?? Average 0.08 mm Most of body Refers to epidermis
- 12. c c
- 13. Hemoglobin (dermal blood supply) Reddish tones Pale, due to? Bluish (=?), due to? Melanin Produced by melanocytes of stratum basale Carotene Obtained from plant foods Depends on 3 pigments:
- 14. Number of melanocytes same in all people, production levels differ ! Function ? UV protection?
- 16. 1. Papillary layer Areolar (loose) c.t. 2. Reticular layer dense irregular c.t.
- 17. Review of Connective Tissue This is similar to Table 4.2 Loose (areolar) Reticular Adipose Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage Irregular Regular Elastic Compact Spongy
- 18. Dermal papillae project between epidermal ridges. Consist of Loose c.t. Capillaries Tactile receptors M
- 19. Consist of Dense irregular c.t. Accessory Structures Hair Glands Nerves Blood Supply
- 20. 2 other names Subcutaneous Layer (subcutis) Superficial fascia Indistinct boundary (c.t. fibers interwoven) Loose c.t. Function Stabilization of skin while allowing for independent movement
- 21. Wrinkles Stretch marks (lineae albicantes) Decubitus Transdermal medication Advantage and disadvantage? Examples? Hypodermic needles
- 22. Hair follicles and hair Glands 1. Sebaceous Glands 2. Apocrine glands 3. Eccrine sweat glands Nails
- 23. 5 million hairs/human body. (98% not on top of head) Three hair types (vellus – intermediate – terminal) Function ? Hair color Growth cycle
- 24. Skin Glands
- 25. Sebum discharged mostly into hair follicles (lubrication & bactericidal) Sebaceous follicles , = Large sebaceous glands, discharge directly to epidermis Folliculitis; furuncle (boil); acne
- 26. Empty into hair follicle Location: armpits, groin, nipples Viscous, cloudy secretion good nutrient source for bacteria (odor !!) Secretion may contain Pheromones Secretion begins at puberty and is stimulated during emotional distress (cold sweat)
- 28. Merocrine secretion Empty directly onto skin surface Location: most all over body (esp. abundant on palms & soles: ~ 500/cm 2 ) Clear, watery secretion (99% H 2 O; rest NaCl + some waste products) Sensible perspiration; Function: ?
- 30. Other integumentary Glands: Mammary glands : Modified apocrine sweat glands Ceruminous glands : Modified sweat glands in ears
- 32. Basal Cell Carcinoma (Epithelioma) Most common, not malignant Squamous Cell CA Stratum spinosum Melanoma BCC SCC Iris Melanoma Dermal Melanoma
- 33. Skin and Aging Process