Chapter7 vitamins
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The document discusses vitamins, which are divided into fat-soluble and water-soluble categories. It provides details on individual vitamins including their names, functions, deficiency symptoms, recommended daily allowances and food sources. Key vitamins covered include A, D, E, K, B-complex vitamins, vitamin C. It also discusses vitamin supplements and controversies around their use.
Chapter7 vitamins
- 1. Chapter Seven The Vitamins 0
- 2. Vitamins fall into two categories— fat soluble and water soluble. ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.
- 4. Characteristics of the Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble Vitamins
- 5. Two types of vitamins Fat Soluble Vitamins Stored in liver Do not need to consume everyday Can develop toxicity h20 Soluble Vitamins Not stored in liver Do need everyday Toxicity uncommon
- 6. Fat Soluble Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K
- 7. Water Soluble Vitamins B complex Thiamin B1 (TENDER) Riboflavin B2 (ROMANCE) Niacin B3 (NEVER) Folate (FAILS) Pyridoxine B6 Cobalamine B12 Biotin (BEAUTIFUL) Pantothenic acid (PEARLS)
- 9. Food Sources of Vitamin A Colorful foods are often rich in vitamins
- 10. The antioxidants Vitamin A VITAMIN E Vitamin C Selenium All help the body resist oxidation which is believed to combat heart disease, cancer, macular degeneration and premature aging
- 11. Figure C7.1 The Theory of Free Radicals and Disease ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.
- 12. Figure C7.2 The Antioxidant Theory of Disease Prevention ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.
- 13. Vitamin A Chemical name Inactive: beta carotene (precursor) Active: Retinol Functions: NIGHT VISION Epithelial cells Normal cell development reproduction Deficiency Night blindness Xerophthalmia (dry eye) Keratinization (goose flesh) RDA 700 mcg females 900 mcg males
- 14. Vitamin A – Snapshot
- 16. Colorful foods are often rich in vitamins. ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.
- 17. The most familiar function of vitamin A is in eyesight. ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.
- 18. Figure 6.1 Night Blindness ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.
- 19. Figure 7.2 The Skin in Vitamin A Deficiency ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.
- 20. Figure 7.3 Vitamin A Deficiency and Toxicity ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.
- 22. Vitamin D Chemical Name Cholecalciferol Functions Controls calcium and phosphorus absorption/balance Bone and teeth development Deficiency Children: rickets Adults: osteomalacia RDA Adults 5-10 mcg
- 23. Vitamin D – Roles Bone integrity Hormone Dangers with deficiency
- 24. Two sterols 0
- 25. This child has the bowed legs of the vitamin D–deficiency disease rickets. ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.
- 26. This child displays the beaded ribs common in rickets. ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.
- 27. Vitamin D - Snapshot
- 28. The sunshine vitamin: vitamin D. ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.
- 29. Vitamin E Chemical name Tocopherol Functions: Antioxidant Nerve development Immune system How does an antioxidant work? Protects cells which are highly exposed to oxygen (lungs and RBC) from destruction by keeping membranes strong
- 31. Vitamin E Deficiency: Rare Hemolysis in the newborn RDA 15 mg Food Sources vegetable oils, wheat germ, seeds
- 32. Vitamin E – Snapshot
- 33. Figure 7.12 Food Sources of Vitamins Selected to Show Range of Values ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.
- 34. Vitamin K Chemical name Phylloquinone Function Blood clotting Deficiency Hemorrhaging RDA 75-90 mcg Can be synthesized by intestinal flora
- 35. Vitamin K – Snapshot
- 36. Food Sources rich in Vitamin K Green leafy vegetables Green beans Cabbage type vegetables (broccoli, brussel sprouts) Soybean Non food source: Intestinal flora synthesizes Vitamin K
- 37. Sources of Vitamin K Vitamin K can be made by intestinal bacteria. Newborns are given a dose of vitamin K at birth.
- 38. Water Soluble Vitamins B complex Family of vitamins which commonly work as coenzymes in metabolism Vitamin C 0
- 39. What is the B Complex? A closer look…
- 40. Figure 7.4 Coenzyme Action ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. 0
- 41. Figure 7.5 Some Roles of the B Vitamins in Metabolism: Examples ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. 0
- 42. The B Vitamins in Unison Deficiencies Every cell is affected Symptoms Rarely are isolated deficiencies
- 43. Vitamin B1 Chemical name Thiamin Functions Coenzyme in energy metabolism Nerve transmission Deficiency Beriberi Secondary deficiency caused by alcoholism RDA 1.1-1.2 mg Dependent upon energy intakes 0
- 45. Thiamin Snapshot
- 46. Figure 7.12 Food Sources of Vitamins Selected to Show Range of Values ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. 0
- 47. Vitamin B2 Chemical Name Riboflavin Functions Coenzyme in energy metabolism Deficiency Cracks at corners of mouth Swollen tongue Skin rash RDA 1.1-1.3 mg 0
- 49. Vitamin B3 Chemical name Niacin Functions Coenzyme in energy metabolism Deficiency Pellagra 4 “D”s include dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death RDA 14-16 mg 0
- 50. Niacin Snapshot
- 51. Figure 7.7 Pellagra ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. 0
- 52. The Blood Builders Folate Vitamin B-12 Vitamin B-6 Iron Vitamin E Vitamin K
- 53. Vitamin B6 Chemical name Pyridoxine Functions: Coenzyme in protein and fat metabolism Helps to make hemoglobin from Red Blood Cells Deficiency Dermatitis Irritability Depression Confusion Megadose therapy RDAs 1.5-1.7 mg 0
- 54. Vitamin B 6 Snapshot
- 56. Figure 7.12 Food Sources of Vitamins Selected to Show Range of Values ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. 0
- 57. Figure 7.10 Vitamin B 6 Deficiency ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. 0
- 58. Folate Chemical names Folacin Folic acid Function Coenzyme in new cell synthesis RBC production Formation of CNS DNA synthesis Deficiency Macrocytic anemia Neural tube defects Depression RDA 400 mcg adults 600 mcg pregnancy 0
- 59. Folate Snapshot
- 60. Rich Food Source of Folate Legumes Whole and enriched grains Dark green leafy vegetables Oranges/OJ Liver 0
- 61. Folate and Birth Defects
- 62. Figure 7.12 Food Sources of Vitamins Selected to Show Range of Values ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. 0
- 63. Vitamin B12 Chemical name Cyanocobalamine Functions Coenzyme in new cell synthesis Nerve cell maintenance RBC synthesis Deficiency Macrocytic anemia (pernicious anemia) Reliant upon intrinsic factor RDA 2.4 mcg Food Sources: Animal sources 0
- 64. Vitamin B 12 Snapshot
- 67. Vitamin C Chemical name Ascorbic acid Functions Collagen synthesis Immune response Absorption of iron antioxidant Deficiency Scurvy Pinpoint hemorrhages Impaired wound healing RDAs Females 75 mg Males 90 mg 0
- 68. Vitamin C – Snapshot
- 69. Rich Vitamin C containing Foods Citrus fruits Cabbage like vegetables Strawberries/kiwi Melon Mango/papaya Green and red pepper Tomatoes! Baked potatoes 0
- 70. Long journeys without fresh fruits and vegetables spelled death by scurvy for the crew. ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. 0
- 71. Can vitamin C ease the sufferings of the common cold? ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. 0
- 72. Figure 7.10 Scurvy Symptoms—Gums and Skin ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. 0
- 74. Figure 7.12 Food Sources of Vitamins Selected to Show Range of Values ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. 0
- 75. The need for Vitamin C. ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. 0
- 76. Vitamin/Mineral Partnerships Calcium, Phosphorus and Vitamin D Vitamin C and Iron Folate and Vitamin B-12
- 77. Should you take a vitamin mineral supplement Let’s take a look
- 78. Multi Vitamin Mineral Supplements Recommendations Avoid natural sources (ie rose hips/oyster shell) Buy generic Avoid product which contains vitamins above 100%RDA Choose supplement which contains beta carotene NOT retinol Additional supplements may be needed for calcium and iron especially for women 0
- 79. Controversy: Vitamin Supplements: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Risks? Which is the best source?
- 80. Vitamin Jargon Megadose: excessively high dose of a vitamin or mineral Toxicity: overdose of vitamin or mineral usually caused by supplement use Non vitamin substances: Vitamin B15 Choline Pangamic acid Inositol 0
- 82. Figure 7.11 Supplement Label ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. 0
- 83. Dietary Antioxidants—best from food or best form pills? ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. 0
- 85. Some Valid Reasons for Taking Supplements
- 86. BOTTOM LINE….on vitamin pills Assess the adequacy of your diet If you are falling 75% below for several vitamins/minerals typically, you may want to supplement your diet with a vitamin/mineral pill There is no substitute for a healthy diet The best way to get your vitamins and minerals is through foods 0
- 88. Figure C7.3 Vegetable and Fruit Intakes and Cancer in Population Studies ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.
- 89. For your latest cancer fighter, visit your local produce center. ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.