Chlamydia trachomatis (Definisi, Etiologi, Patofisiologi dan Manifestasi Klinis)
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Chlamydia trachomatis adalah infeksi menular seksual yang dapat menyebabkan masalah serius seperti penyakit radang panggul dan infertilitas pada wanita. Gejala infeksi ini bervariasi antara pria dan wanita, dengan sebagian besar wanita tetap asimptomatik. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak seksual dan dapat berdampak pada kesehatan reproduksi.
Chlamydia trachomatis (Definisi, Etiologi, Patofisiologi dan Manifestasi Klinis)
- 1. Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Lena Wahyu Setianingsih
- 2. DEFINISI • Chlamydia adalah penyakit menular seksual (STD) yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Chlamydia trachomatis. (CDC, 2014) • Hal ini dapat menyebabkan servisitis pada wanita dan uretritis dan proctitis baik pada pria maupun wanita. • Infeksi klamidia pada wanita dapat menyebabkan konsekuensi serius termasuk penyakit radang panggul (PID), infertilitas faktor tuba, kehamilan ektopik, dan nyeri panggul kronis. (CDC, 2014)
- 3. ETIOLOGI • Chlamydia trachomatis serotype D-K
- 4. TRANSMISI Penularan C. trachomatis Kontak SEKSUAL dgn Pasangan Terinfeksi Dari ibu -> bayi (Saat Persalinan) Kontak Seksual • Vagina • Penis • Anus • Oral
- 5. PATOFISIOLOGI Siklus Hidup Chlamydia trachomatis
- 6. Infection of nonimmune host epithelial cells and resident tissue innate immune cells with chlamydiae results in production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that lead to recruitment and activation of first innate and, later, adaptive immune cells to effect resolution of infection; subsets of these responses induce collateral genital tract tissue damage. Darville T , and Hiltke T J J Infect Dis. 2010;201:S114-S125 © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
- 9. Manifestasi Klinis Pada Laki-laki... • Masa Inkubasi : 1-3 minggu • Gejala uretritis => uretra discharge berlendir atau berair & disuria. • Sebagian kecil => Berkembang jd epididimitis (dengan atau tanpa gejala uretritis) – nyeri unilateral testis & swelling.
- 10. Manifestasi Klinis Pada Perempuan... • Asimptomatik 80 % • servisitis => duh mukopurulen endoserviks, perdarahan endoserviks yang mudah diinduksi • kadang uretritis (mis: piuria, disuria, frekuensi) • menyebar ke rahim, saluran tuba => – penyakit radang panggul (PID) ; • "subklinis PID“ / asimptomatik • Akut => nyeri perut bawah, nyeri panggul, nyeri gerak serviks & rahim / nyeri adneksa pada pemeriksaan
- 11. DAFTAR PUSTAKA • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2014. Chlamydia-CDC Fact. http://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia- detailed.htm (Diakses 9 Desember 2014) • Kelley Struble. 2014. Chlamydial Genitourinary Infections. Madscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/214823- overview#a0104 (diakses 9 Desember 2014)
- 12. • Darville, Toni., Hiltke, Thomas. 2010. Pathogenesis of Genital Tract Disease Due to Chlamydia trachomatis. Oxford Journals. http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/201/Sup plement_2/S114.full (Diakses 9 Desember 2014)
Editor's Notes
- #3: Proctitis : peradangan pada rectum dan anus
- #7: Infection of nonimmune host epithelial cells and resident tissue innate immune cells with chlamydiae results in production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that lead to recruitment and activation of first innate and, later, adaptive immune cells to effect resolution of infection; subsets of these responses induce collateral genital tract tissue damage. A, Infection of reproductive tract epithelium results in production of interleuken (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-8, growth-related oncogene (GRO)-α, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-6, which induce increased expression of endothelial adhesion molecules that aid in the attraction of immune cells. Resident tissue macrophages also contribute to early release of cytokines and chemokines. Infected epithelial cells release matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) that contribute to tissue proteolysis and remodeling. B, Neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, and monocytes are rapidly recruited into the infected tissue site. Neutrophil release of MMPs and elastase contribute to tissue damage. C, NK cell production of interferon (IFN)-γ drives CD4 T cells toward the Th1 (IFN-γ-producing) phenotype, and a mixture of CD4, CD8, B cells, and plasma cells (PCs) infiltrate the infected tissue. Antibodies released from PCs inactivate extracellular elementary bodies (EBs), and T cell production of IFN-γ inhibits intracellular chlamydial replication. Th17 cell involvement has not yet been determined. D, After infection has resolved, inflammation abates, but chronic scarring may be the end result.