Chpt 16: Relative Clauses
- 2. Definition • Relative clauses are a type of subordinate clause • They are descriptive clauses that modify nouns
- 3. Example Cornelia est puella Romana quae in Italia habitat. • The underlined clause gives information about the noun “puella” • This relative clause describes Cornelia as living in Italy
- 4. Relative Pronouns • Relative Clauses are introduced by Relative Pronouns. • Relative Pronouns connect the statement in the subordinate clause (the relative clause) to the noun in the main clause • From our example: Cornelia est puella Romana quae in Italia habitat. Relative Pronoun
- 5. Antecedent • The noun in the main clause which connects to the relative clause is called the antecedent. • Cornelia est puella Romana quae in Italia habitat. • In this example “puella” is the antecedent.
- 6. Forms of the Relative Pronoun See Handout
- 7. Choosing the correct relative pronoun The form of the relative pronoun that introduces a relative clause depends on two things: 1. The gender and number of its antecedent 2. The case required by the function of the relative pronoun in its own clause
- 8. Example: • Cornelia est puella Romana quae in Italia habitat. • From the chart, “quae” could be 4 choices – Can you find which ones? • “quae” is the correct relative pronoun because it matches its antecedent (“puella”) in gender and number (fem., and sing.) • The case is nominative because in the relative clause “quae” is the subject
- 9. Example #1 • Crines eius curabant duae ancillae, quarumquarum altera speculum tenebat. • Here, “quarum” is the relative pronoun that introduces the relative clause • If the antecedent is “ancillae”, what gender and number must “quarum” be? • What case is “quarum”? Why?
- 10. Example #1 cont. • Crines eius curabant duae ancillae, quarumquarum altera speculum tenebat. • “quarum” is genitive because the relative clause states “one (of the slavewomen) was holding a mirror” • “quarum” is fem. Pl. because “ancillae” is feminine plural
- 11. Example #2 • Phrygia, quae crines neglegenter pectebat, dominam vexabat. • Which word is the antecedent? • Which word is the relative pronoun? • Which is the relative clause? • What gender, case and number could the relative pronoun be?
- 12. Example #2 cont. • “quae” is the relative pronoun • The antecedent is “Phrygia” • “quae” could be 4 different forms –What forms could “quae” be? • What gender and number is “Phygia”? • What gender and number must “quae” be?
- 13. Example #2 cont. • Since “Phrygia” is feminine singular, “quae” must be feminine singular • How does “quae” function in the relative clause? –“(Phrygia) was carelessly brushing the hair” • “Phrygia” is the subject, so “quae” must be which case? • “Quae” must be nominative case
- 14. Example #3 • Many men were in the streets which were not lit well. • antecedent _______________ case _____ number _____ gender _____ • relative pronoun _______________ case _____ number _____ gender _____ • What other noun(s) are in the sentence? • What case would each be? • What tense would the verb were be? • What person and number would the verb be?
- 15. Example #4 • Have you seen that beautiful litter in which that huge man was riding? • antecedent _____ case _____ number _____ gender_____ • relative pronoun ____ case _____ number _____ gender _____ • What other noun(s) are in the sentence? • What case would each be? • What tense would the verb have seen be? • What person and number would the verb be? • What tense would the verb was riding be?