1. The CIRO Model of
Management Training
An overview of the CIRO Model for evaluating
management training programs.
2. Introduction to the CIRO
Model
• The CIRO model is a structured approach to evaluating
management training.
• Developed by Warr, Bird, and Rackham in 1970.
• Focuses on four key stages: Context, Input, Reaction,
and Output.
• Provides a framework to assess training effectiveness.
3. CIRO Model Overview
Diagram: A simple flowchart showing Context Input
→ →
Reaction Output.
→
4. Importance of the CIRO Model
• Helps systematically evaluate training effectiveness.
• Identifies strengths and areas for improvement.
• Aligns training with organizational goals and employee
needs.
5. Breakdown of the CIRO Model
1. Context Evaluation
• Assesses organizational and individual needs.
• Identifies skill gaps and deficiencies.
2. Input Evaluation
• Evaluates training design and delivery.
• Includes trainers, materials, and methods.
3. Reaction Evaluation
• Measures participants’ reactions.
• Uses surveys and discussions.
4. Outcome Evaluation
• Assesses training impact.
• Uses performance assessments and KPIs.
6. CIRO Model vs. Kirkpatrick
Model
• CIRO Model focuses on needs assessment and
structured evaluation.
• Kirkpatrick Model emphasizes reaction, learning,
behavior, and results.
• CIRO is more suited for management training,
Kirkpatrick is broader.
7. Advantages of the CIRO Model
• Provides a holistic view of training effectiveness.
• Focuses on pre- and post-training assessment.
• Aligns training with strategic goals.
8. Limitations of the CIRO Model
• Can be time-consuming due to extensive evaluation.
• Requires proper implementation and skilled
evaluators.
• Does not focus deeply on individual learning
improvements.
9. Implementing the CIRO Model
Step 1: Conduct a thorough needs analysis (Context
Evaluation).
Step 2: Design an effective training program (Input
Evaluation).
Step 3: Gather immediate feedback from trainees
(Reaction Evaluation).
Step 4: Assess post-training improvements (Outcome
Evaluation).
10. Conclusion
• The CIRO model is a valuable tool for evaluating
training effectiveness.
• Ensures training aligns with business objectives.
• Helps improve training ROI through structured
evaluation.