Cisco Visual Networking Index White paper

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White Paper
Cisco Visual Networking Index:
Forecast and Methodology, 2014–2019
May 27, 2015
This forecast is part of the Cisco Visual Networking Index™
(Cisco VNI™
), an ongoing
initiative to track and forecast the impact of visual networking applications. This
document presents the details of the Cisco VNI global IP traffic forecast and the
methodology behind it. For a more analytical look at the implications of the data
presented in this paper, refer to the companion document, The Zettabyte Era—Trends
and Analysis, or the VNI Forecast Highlights tool.
Executive Summary
Annual global IP traffic will surpass the zettabyte (1000 exabytes) threshold in 2016, and the two zettabyte
threshold in 2019. Global IP traffic will reach 1.1 zettabytes per year or 88.4 exabytes (one billion gigabytes)
per month in 2016. By 2019, global IP traffic will pass a new milestone figure of 2.0 zettabytes per year, or
168.0 exabytes per month.
Global IP traffic has increased more than fivefold in the past 5 years, and will increase nearly threefold
over the next 5 years. Overall, IP traffic will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 23 percent from
2014 to 2019.
Busy-hour Internet traffic is growing more rapidly than average Internet traffic. Busy-hour (or the busiest
60-minute period in a day) Internet traffic increased 34 percent in 2014, compared with 26 percent growth in
average traffic. Busy-hour Internet traffic will increase by a factor of 3.4 between 2014 and 2019, while average
Internet traffic will increase 2.8-fold. Busy-hour Internet traffic will reach 1.7 petabits per second (Pbps) by 2019.

Metro traffic will surpass long-haul traffic in 2015, and will account for 66 percent of total IP traffic by 2019.
Globally, metro traffic will grow nearly twice as fast as long-haul traffic from 2014 to 2019. The higher growth in
metro networks is due in part to the increasingly significant role of content delivery networks, which bypass long-
haul links and deliver traffic to metro and regional backbones.
Content delivery networks will carry over half of Internet traffic by 2019. Globally, Sixty-two percent of all
Internet traffic will cross content delivery networks by 2019 globally, up from 39 percent in 2014.
Over half of all IP traffic will originate with non-PC devices by 2019. In 2014, only 40 percent of total IP traffic
originated with non-PC devices, but by 2019 the non-PC share of total IP traffic will grow to 67 percent. PC-
originated traffic will grow at a CAGR of 9 percent, while TVs, tablets, smartphones, and machine-to-machine
(M2M) modules will have traffic growth rates of 17 percent, 65 percent, 62 percent, and 71 percent, respectively.
Traffic from wireless and mobile devices will exceed traffic from wired devices by 2019. By 2019, wired
devices will account for 33 percent of IP traffic, while Wi-Fi and mobile devices will account for 66 percent of
IP traffic. In 2014, wired devices accounted for the majority of IP traffic at 54 percent.
Global Internet traffic in 2019 will be equivalent to 64 times the volume of the entire global Internet in 2005.
Globally, Internet traffic will reach 18 gigabytes (GB) per capita by 2019, up from 6 GB per capita in 2014.
The number of devices connected to IP networks will be three times as high as the global population in
2019. There will be three networked devices per capita by 2019, up from nearly two networked devices per capita
in 2014. Accelerated in part by the increase in devices and the capabilities of those devices, IP traffic per capita will
reach 22 GB per capita by 2019, up from 8 GB per capita in 2014.
Broadband speeds will double by 2019. By 2019, global fixed broadband speeds will reach 43 Mbps, up from
20 Mbps in 2014.
Video Highlights
It would take an individual over 5 million years to watch the amount of video that will cross global IP
networks each month in 2019. Every second, nearly a million minutes of video content will cross the network
by 2019.
Globally, consumer internet video traffic will be 80 percent of all consumer Internet traffic in 2019,
up from 64 percent in 2014. This percentage does not include video exchanged through peer-to-peer (P2P)
file sharing. The sum of all forms of video (TV, video on demand [VoD], Internet, and P2P) will be in the range
of 80 to 90 percent of global consumer traffic by 2019.
Internet video to TV doubled in 2014. Internet video to TV will continue to grow at a rapid pace, increasing
fourfold by 2019. Internet video to TV traffic will be 17 percent of consumer Internet video traffic by 2019, up
from 16 percent in 2014.
Consumer VoD traffic will double by 2019. HD will be 70 percent of IP VOD traffic in 2019, up from 59 percent
in 2014.
Content delivery network traffic will deliver over half of all internet video traffic by 2019. By 2019, 72 percent
of all Internet video traffic will cross content delivery networks, up from 57 percent in 2014.
Mobile Highlights
Globally, mobile data traffic will increase 10-fold between 2014 and 2019. Mobile data traffic will grow at a
CAGR of 57 percent between 2014 and 2019, reaching 24.2 exabytes per month by 2019.

Global mobile data traffic will grow three times faster than fixed IP traffic from 2014 to 2019. Global mobile
data traffic was 4 percent of total IP traffic in 2014, and will be 14 percent of total IP traffic by 2019.
Regional Highlights
IP traffic is growing fastest in the Middle East and Africa, followed by Asia Pacific. Traffic in the Middle East
and Africa will grow at a CAGR of 44 percent between 2014 and 2019.
IP traffic in North America will reach 49.7 exabytes per month by 2019, at a CAGR of 20 percent. Monthly
Internet traffic in North America will generate 9 billion DVDs’ worth of traffic, or 35.4 exabytes per month.
IP traffic in Western Europe will reach 24.7 exabytes per month by 2019, at a CAGR of 21 percent. Monthly
Internet traffic in Western Europe will generate 5 billion DVDs’ worth of traffic, or 20.8 exabytes per month.
IP traffic in Asia Pacific will reach 54.4 exabytes per month by 2019, at a CAGR of 21 percent. Monthly
Internet traffic in Asia Pacific will generate 11 billion DVDs’ worth of traffic, or 44.1 exabytes per month.
IP traffic in Latin America will reach 12.9 exabytes per month by 2019, at a CAGR of 25 percent. Monthly
Internet traffic in Latin America will generate 3 billion DVDs’ worth of traffic, or 11.3 exabytes per month.
IP traffic in Central and Eastern Europe will reach 16.9 exabytes per month by 2019, at a CAGR of
33 percent. Monthly Internet traffic in Central and Eastern Europe will generate 4 billion DVDs’ worth of traffic,
or 15.8 exabytes per month.
IP traffic in the Middle East and Africa will reach 9.4 exabytes per month by 2019, at a CAGR of 44 percent.
Monthly Internet traffic in the Middle East and Africa will generate 2 billion DVDs’ worth of traffic, or 8.8 exabytes
per month.
Global Business Highlights
Business IP traffic will grow at a CAGR of 20 percent from 2014 to 2019. Increased adoption of advanced
video communications in the enterprise segment will cause business IP traffic to grow by a factor of two between
2014 and 2019.
Business Internet traffic will grow at a faster pace than IP WAN. IP WAN will grow at a CAGR of 23 percent,
compared with a CAGR of 20 percent for fixed business Internet and 51 percent for mobile business Internet.
Business IP traffic will grow fastest in the Middle East and Africa. Business IP traffic in the Middle East and
Africa will grow at a CAGR of 26 percent, a faster pace than the global average of 20 percent. In volume, Asia
Pacific will have the largest amount of business IP traffic in 2019, at 9.6 exabytes per month. North America
will be the second at 8.0 exabytes per month.
Overview of VNI Methodology
The Cisco Visual Networking Index Forecast methodology has been developed based on a combination of analyst
projections, in-house estimates and forecasts, and direct data collection. The analyst projections for broadband
connections, video subscribers, mobile connections, and Internet application adoption come from SNL Kagan,
Ovum, Informa Telecoms & Media, Infonetics, IDC, Gartner, AMI, Arbitron Mobile, Ookla Speedtest.net, Strategy
Analytics, Screen Digest, Dell’Oro Group, Synergy, comScore, Nielsen, and others. Upon this foundation are
layered Cisco’s own estimates for application adoption, minutes of use, and kilobytes per minute. The adoption,
usage, and bitrate assumptions are tied to fundamental enablers such as broadband speed and computing speed.
All usage and traffic results are then validated using data shared with Cisco from service providers. Figure 1
shows the forecast methodology.

Figure 1. Cisco VNI Forecast Methodology Incorporates Fundamental Enablers of Adoption and Usage
Following the methodology through each step for a single application category (in this case, Internet video)
illustrates the estimation process.
Step 1: Number of Users
The forecast for Internet video begins with estimations of the number of consumer fixed Internet users. Even such
a basic measure as consumer fixed Internet users can be difficult to assess, because few analyst firms segment
the number of users by both segment (consumer versus business) and network (mobile versus fixed). This year,
the number of consumer fixed Internet users was not taken directly from an analyst source but was estimated
from analyst forecasts for consumer broadband connections, data on hotspot users from a variety of government
sources, and population forecasts by age segment. The number of Internet video users was collected and
estimated from a variety of sources, and the numbers were then reconciled with the estimate of overall
Internet users.
Step 2: Application Adoption
After the number of Internet video users has been established, the number of users for each video subsegment
must be estimated. It was assumed that all Internet video users view short-form video in addition to other forms
of video they may watch. The Internet video users that watch long form video (based partially on comScore
Video Metrix figures for video sites whose average viewing time is longer than 5 minutes), live video, ambient
video and Internet personal video recorder (PVR) is estimated.
Step 3. Minutes of Use
For each application subsegment, minutes of use (MOU) are estimated. Multiple sources are used to determine
MOU: the Cisco VNI Usage data collection program provides a minute-per-subscriber baseline for many
applications, the Cisco Connected Life Market Watch survey provides MOU for markets that are not covered by
the Usage program, and comScore Video Metrix provides PC-based MOU for online video. Special care is taken
to help ensure that the total number of Internet video minutes is well within the total number of video minutes
(including television broadcast) for each user. For example, if the average individual watches a total of 4 hours
of video content per day, the sum of Internet, managed IP, and mobile video hours should be a relatively small
portion of the total 4 hours.

Step 4. Bitrates
After MOU have been estimated for each subsegment of video, the next step is to apply kilobytes (KB) per
minute. To calculate KB per minute, first the regional and country average broadband speeds are estimated
for the years 2014 through 2019. For each application category, a representative bitrate is established, and this
representative bitrate grows at approximately the same pace as the broadband speed. For video categories, a
7-percent annual compression gain is applied to the bitrate. Local bitrates are then calculated based on how much
the average broadband speed in the country differs from the global average, digital screen size in the country, and
the computing power of the average device in the country. Combining these factors yields bitrates that are then
applied to the MOU.
Step 5: Rollup
The next step in the methodology is to multiply the bitrates, MOU, and users together to get average
petabytes per month.
Step 6: Traffic Migration Assessment
The next step is to reconcile the Internet, managed IP, and mobile segments of the forecast. The portion of
mobile data traffic that has migrated from the fixed network is subtracted from the fixed forecast, and the amount
of mobile data traffic offloaded onto the fixed network through dual-mode devices and femtocells is added back
to the fixed forecast.
The sections that follow present quantitative results of the forecast and details of the methodology for each
segment and type.
Global IP Traffic Growth, 2014–2019
Table 1 shows the top-line forecast. According to this forecast, global IP traffic in 2014 stands at 59.9 exabytes
per month and will nearly triple by 2019, to reach 168.4 exabytes per month. Consumer IP traffic will reach
138 exabytes per month and business IP traffic will surpass 29.6 exabytes per month.
Table 1. Global IP Traffic, 2014–2019
IP Traffic, 2014–2019
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 CAGR
2014–2019
By Type (Petabytes [PB] per Month)
Fixed Internet 39,909 47,803 58,304 72,251 90,085 111,899 23%
Managed IP 17,424 20,460 23,371 26,087 29,274 31,858 13%
Mobile data 2,514 4,163 6,751 10,650 16,124 24,221 57%
By Segment (PB per Month)
Consumer 47,740 58,137 71,453 88,730 111,015 138,415 24%
Business 12,108 14,289 16,973 20,258 24,469 29,563 20%
By Geography (PB per Month)
Asia Pacific 20,729 24,819 29,965 36,608 44,223 54,434 21%
North America 19,628 23,552 28,219 33,641 41,458 49,720 20%
Western Europe 9,601 11,231 13,506 16,396 20,046 24,680 21%
Central and Eastern Europe 4,087 5,270 6,896 9,385 12,601 16,863 33%
Latin America 4,297 5,373 6,663 8,299 10,355 12,870 25%
Middle East and Africa 1,505 2,180 3,178 4,659 6,800 9,412 44%

Total (PB per Month)
Total IP traffic 59,848 72,426 88,427 108,988 135,484 167,978 23%
Source: Cisco VNI, 2015
Definitions
● Consumer: Includes fixed IP traffic generated by households, university populations, and Internet cafés
● Business: Includes fixed IP WAN or Internet traffic generated by businesses and governments
● Mobile: Includes mobile data and Internet traffic generated by handsets, notebook cards, and mobile
broadband gateways
● Internet: Denotes all IP traffic that crosses an Internet backbone
● Managed IP: Includes corporate IP WAN traffic and IP transport of TV and VoD
The following tables show cross-tabulations of end-user segment and network type for the final year of the
forecast period (2019). Consumer Internet remains the primary generator of IP traffic, but mobile data has
the highest growth rate and begins to generate significant traffic by 2019 (Table 2).
Table 2. Exabytes per Month as of Year End 2019
Consumer Business Total
Internet 91 21 112
Managed IP 27 5 32
Mobile data 21 4 24
Total 139 30 168
Table 3 shows the same data as Table 2, but in terms of annual traffic run rates. These run rates are based on
the monthly traffic at the end of 2019.
Table 3. Exabytes per Year as of Year End 2019
Internet 1,097 251 1,348
Managed IP 322 60 382
Mobile data 247 44 291
Total 1,666 356 2,021
Consumer and business traffic are both dominated by Internet traffic, although business traffic is more evenly
distributed across public Internet and managed IP (Table 4).
Table 4. Traffic Share by End-User Segment as of Year End 2019
Consumer Business
Internet 66% 71%
Managed IP 19% 17%
Mobile data 15% 12%
Total 100% 100%

Consumer traffic accounts for the majority of IP traffic in every network type segment. Consumer traffic will be
81 percent of all fixed Internet traffic, 84 percent of all of managed IP traffic, and 85 percent of all mobile data traffic
(Table 5).
Table 5. Traffic Share by Network Type as of Year End 2019
Internet 81% 19% 100%
Managed IP 84% 16% 100%
Mobile Internet 85% 15% 100%
Total 82% 18% 100%
Consumer Internet traffic will represent over half of all IP traffic, followed by consumer managed IP (VoD), which
represents 16 percent of traffic (Table 6).
Table 6. Overall Traffic Share as of Year End 2019
Internet 54% 12% 67%
Managed IP 16% 3% 19%
Mobile data 12% 2% 14%
Total 82% 18% 100%
Metro and Long-Haul Traffic, 2014–2019
Metro-only traffic (traffic that traverses only the metro and bypasses long-haul traffic links) surpasses long-haul
traffic in 2014, and will account for 62 percent of total IP traffic by 2019. Metro-only traffic will grow nearly twice
as fast as long-haul traffic from 2014 to 2019 (Table 7).
Table 7. Metro and Long-Haul Traffic, 2014–2019
Metro and Long-Haul Traffic, 2014–2019
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 CAGR
2014–2019
Metro-Only (PB per Month)
North America 14,860 18,402 22,778 28,061 36,048 45,012 25%
Asia Pacific 8,459 10,903 14,129 18,389 23,365 30,524 29%
Western Europe 5,517 6,920 8,934 11,569 15,043 19,700 29%
Central and Eastern Europe 896 1,381 2,148 3,376 5,115 7,766 54%
Latin America 917 1,389 2,033 2,856 3,923 5,286 42%
Middle East and Africa 215 384 668 1,127 1,845 2,838 67%
Long-Haul (PB per Month)
Asia Pacific 12,270 13,916 15,836 18,219 20,858 23,911 14%
Latin America 3,380 3,984 4,630 5,443 6,432 7,584 18%

Middle East and Africa 1,290 1,796 2,510 3,532 4,955 6,573 38%
Western Europe 4,085 4,311 4,572 4,827 5,003 4,980 4%
North America 4,769 5,150 5,441 5,580 5,410 4,708 0%
Total IP traffic 59,848 72,426 88,427 108,988 135,484 167,978 23%
Content Delivery Network Traffic, 2014–2019
With the emergence of popular video-streaming services that deliver Internet video to the TV and other
device endpoints, content delivery networks have prevailed as a dominant method to deliver such content.
Globally, 62 percent of all Internet traffic will cross content delivery networks by 2019, up from 39 percent
in 2014. Globally, 72 percent of all Internet video traffic will cross content delivery networks by 2019, up
from 57 percent in 2014 (Table 8).
Table 8. Global Content Delivery Network Internet Traffic, 2014–2019
CDN Traffic, 2014–2019
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 CAGR
2014–2019
North America 7,162 9,518 12,951 17,603 23,922 31,920 35%
Asia Pacific 4,218 5,740 7,988 11,181 15,636 22,029 39%
Western Europe 3,842 4,972 6,690 9,043 12,250 16,683 34%
Central and Eastern Europe 660 1,064 1,742 2,839 4,529 7,079 61%
Latin America 657 967 1,400 2,005 2,832 3,961 43%
Middle East and Africa 179 322 574 998 1,676 2,629 71%
CDN Internet traffic 16,719 22,582 31,345 43,670 60,845 84,301 38%
Consumer IP Traffic, 2014–2019
As shown in Table 9, global consumer IP traffic is expected to reach 139 exabytes per month in 2019. Most of
today’s consumer IP traffic is Internet traffic.
Table 9. Global Consumer IP Traffic, 2014–2019
Consumer IP Traffic, 2014–2019
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 CAGR
2014–2019
By Type (PB per Month)
Internet 31,545 37,908 46,511 58,115 72,933 91,048 24%
Managed IP 14,145 16,799 19,344 21,709 24,495 26,824 14%
Mobile data 2,050 3,430 5,599 8,906 13,587 20,544 59%
Asia Pacific 16,433 19,735 24,012 29,681 36,110 44,896 22%
North America 16,609 19,971 23,913 28,401 35,012 41,707 20%
Western Europe 7,506 8,808 10,634 12,996 16,001 19,785 21%

Latin America 3,412 4,338 5,455 6,877 8,649 10,838 26%
Middle East and Africa 948 1,460 2,259 3,493 5,295 7,610 52%
Consumer IP traffic 47,740 58,137 71,453 88,730 111,015 138,415 24%
Consumer Internet Traffic, 2014–2019
This category encompasses any IP traffic that crosses the Internet and is not confined to a single service provider’s
network. Internet video streaming and downloads are beginning to take a larger share of bandwidth and will grow
to more than 80 percent of all consumer Internet traffic by 2019 (Table 10).
Table 10. Global Consumer Internet Traffic, 2014–2019
Consumer Internet Traffic, 2014–2019
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 CAGR
2014–2019
By Network (PB per Month)
Fixed 31,545 37,908 46,511 58,115 72,933 91,048 24%
Mobile 2,050 3,430 5,599 8,906 13,587 20,544 59%
By Subsegment (PB per Month)
Internet video 21,624 27,466 36,456 49,068 66,179 89,319 33%
Web, email, and data 5,853 7,694 9,476 11,707 14,002 16,092 22%
File sharing 6,090 6,146 6,130 6,168 6,231 6,038 0%
Online gaming 27 33 48 78 109 143 40%
Asia Pacific 12,193 14,571 17,871 22,472 28,380 36,401 24%
North America 8,911 11,087 14,085 17,943 22,886 28,616 26%
Western Europe 5,831 6,860 8,390 10,469 13,208 16,768 24%
Latin America 3,152 3,915 4,823 6,026 7,558 9,514 25%
Middle East and Africa 912 1,397 2,165 3,364 5,126 7,400 52%
Consumer Internet traffic 33,595 41,338 52,110 67,021 86,520 111,592 27%
Definitions
● Web, email, and data: Includes web, email, instant messaging, and other data traffic (excludes file sharing)
● File sharing: Includes peer-to-peer traffic from all recognized P2P systems such as BitTorrent and
eDonkey, as well as traffic from web-based file-sharing systems
● Gaming: Includes casual online gaming, networked console gaming, and multiplayer virtual-world gaming
● Internet video: Includes short-form Internet video (for example, YouTube), long-form Internet video
(for example, Hulu), live Internet video, Internet-video-to-TV (for example, Netflix through Roku),
online video purchases and rentals, webcam viewing, and web-based video monitoring (excludes P2P
video file downloads)

Web, Email, and Data
This general category encompasses web browsing, email, instant messaging, data (which includes file transfer
using HTTP and FTP), and other Internet applications (Table 11). Note that data may include the download of
video files that are not captured by the Internet video to PC forecast. This category includes traffic generated
by all individual Internet users. An Internet user is here defined as someone who accesses the Internet through
a desktop or laptop computer at home, school, Internet café, or other location outside the context of a business.
Table 11. Global Consumer Web, Email, and Data Traffic, 2014–2019
Consumer Web, Email, and Data Traffic, 2014–2019
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 CAGR
2014–2019
Fixed web and data 4,989 6,342 7,436 8,731 9,906 10,625 16%
Mobile web and data 865 1,352 2,040 2,976 4,096 5,467 45%
Asia Pacific 2,083 2,700 3,274 3,973 4,753 5,548 22%
North America 1,568 2,009 2,422 2,884 3,255 3,562 18%
Western Europe 1,094 1,286 1,459 1,662 1,865 1,956 12%
Central and Eastern Europe 396 681 1,014 1,488 1,972 2,489 44%
Latin America 499 653 745 868 995 1,095 17%
Middle East and Africa 213 364 563 833 1,162 1,443 47%
Consumer web, email, and data 5,853 7,694 9,476 11,707 14,002 16,092 22%
File Sharing
This category includes traffic from P2P applications such as BitTorrent and eDonkey, as well as web-based file
sharing. Note that a large portion of P2P traffic is due to the exchange of video files, so a total view of the impact
of video on the network should count P2P video traffic in addition to the traffic counted in the Internet video to
PC and Internet video to TV categories. Table 12 shows the forecast for consumer P2P traffic from 2014 to 2019.
Note that the P2P category is limited to traditional file exchange and does not include commercial video-streaming
applications that are delivered through P2P, such as PPStream or PPLive.
Table 12. Global Consumer File-Sharing Traffic, 2014–2019
Consumer File Sharing, 2014–2019
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 CAGR
2014–2019
Fixed 6,044 6,081 6,046 6,080 6,147 5,961 0%
Mobile 46 64 84 89 84 78 11%
By Subsegment (PB per Month)
P2P file transfer 5,103 4,954 4,714 4,476 4,212 3,728 -6%
Other file transfer 987 1,192 1,416 1,692 2,019 2,310 19%
Asia Pacific 2,526 2,499 2,438 2,445 2,421 2,354 -1%
North America 797 858 932 1,019 1,145 1,204 9%

Western Europe 1,179 1,142 1,111 1,089 1,074 1,007 -3%
Central and Eastern Europe 839 870 865 856 878 820 0%
Latin America 629 660 677 671 653 604 -1%
Middle East and Africa 120 117 107 87 60 50 -16%
Consumer file sharing 6,090 6,146 6,130 6,168 6,231 6,038 0%
Internet Video
With the exception of the Internet video to TV subcategory, all of the Internet video subcategories consist of online
video that is downloaded or streamed for viewing on a PC screen (Table 13). Internet video to TV is Internet
delivery of video to a TV screen through a set-top box (STB) or equivalent device. Much of the video streamed or
downloaded through the Internet consists of free clips, episodes, and other content offered by traditional content
producers such as movie studios and television networks.
Table 13. Global Consumer Internet Video, 2014–2019
Consumer Internet Video 2014–2019
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 CAGR
2014–2019
Fixed 20,485 25,452 32,981 43,226 56,771 74,319 29%
Mobile 1,139 2,014 3,475 5,842 9,407 14,999 67%
By Category (PB per Month)
Video 18,437 22,940 30,242 40,907 55,931 76,771 33%
Internet video to TV 3,188 4,526 6,214 8,160 10,248 12,548 32%
Asia Pacific 7,579 9,366 12,150 16,039 21,184 28,469 30%
North America 6,535 8,207 10,712 14,009 18,443 23,794 29%
Western Europe 3,550 4,422 5,807 7,696 10,239 13,766 31%
Latin America 2,022 2,600 3,399 4,483 5,905 7,808 31%
Middle East and Africa 579 915 1,495 2,443 3,902 5,905 59%
Consumer Internet video 21,624 27,466 36,456 49,068 66,179 89,319 33%
Definitions
● Internet video to TV: Video delivered through the Internet to a TV screen by way of an Internet-enabled
set-top box (for example, Roku) or equivalent device (for example, Microsoft Xbox 360), Internet-enabled
TV, or PC-to-TV connection
● Video: Video includes the following underlying categories:
◦ Short form: User-generated video and other video clips generally less than 7 minutes in length
◦ Video calling: Video messages or calling delivered on fixed Internet initiated by smartphones,
non-smartphones, and tablets
◦ Long form: Video content generally greater than 7 minutes in length

◦ Live Internet TV: Peer-to-peer TV (excluding P2P video downloads) and live television streaming
over the Internet
◦ Internet PVR: Recording of live TV content for later viewing
◦ Ambient video: Nannycams, petcams, home security cams, and other persistent video streams
◦ Mobile video: All video that travels over a second-generation (2G), 3G, or 4G network
Consumer Managed IP Traffic, 2014–2019
Managed IP video is IP traffic generated by traditional commercial TV services (Table 14). This traffic remains
within the footprint of a single service provider, so it is not considered Internet traffic. (For Internet video delivered
to the set-top box, see Internet video to TV in the previous section.)
Table 14. Global Consumer Managed IP Traffic, 2014–2019
Consumer Managed IP Traffic, 2014–2019
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 CAGR
2014–2019
Fixed 14,145 16,799 19,344 21,709 24,495 26,824 14%
North America 7,698 8,884 9,827 10,458 12,126 13,092 11%
Asia Pacific 4,240 5,164 6,141 7,208 7,730 8,495 15%
Western Europe 1,675 1,948 2,244 2,526 2,793 3,017 12%
Latin America 260 423 632 851 1,091 1,325 38%
Central and Eastern Europe 236 318 406 537 587 686 24%
Middle East and Africa 36 62 93 128 169 209 42%
Managed IP video traffic 14,145 16,799 19,344 21,709 24,495 26,824 14%
Business IP Traffic
The enterprise forecast is based on the number of network-connected computers worldwide. In our experience,
this basis provides the most accurate measure of enterprise data usage. An average business user might
generate 4 GB per month of Internet and WAN traffic. A large-enterprise user would generate significantly
more traffic, 8–10 GB per month (Table 15).
Table 15. Business IP Traffic, 2014–2019
Business IP Traffic, 2014–2019
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 CAGR
2014–2019
By Network Type (PB per Month)
Business Internet traffic 8,364 9,895 11,794 14,136 17,152 20,851 20%
Business managed IP traffic 3,279 3,661 4,028 4,378 4,779 5,034 9%
Business mobile data 464 733 1,152 1,744 2,537 3,677 51%
Asia Pacific 4,296 5,084 5,953 6,927 8,113 9,538 17%
North America 3,019 3,581 4,307 5,240 6,446 8,012 22%
Western Europe 2,096 2,423 2,872 3,401 4,046 4,895 18%

Latin America 885 1,035 1,207 1,422 1,707 2,031 18%
Business IP traffic 12,108 14,289 16,973 20,258 24,469 29,563 20%
Definitions
● Business Internet traffic: All business traffic that crosses the public Internet
● Business managed IP traffic: All business traffic that is transported over IP but remains within
the corporate WAN
● Business mobile data traffic: All business traffic that crosses a mobile access point
Mobile Data Traffic
Mobile data traffic includes handset-based data traffic, such as text messaging, multimedia messaging, and
handset video services (Table 16). Mobile Internet traffic is generated by wireless cards for portable computers
and handset-based mobile Internet usage.
Table 16. Mobile Data and Internet Traffic, 2014–2019
Mobile Data and Internet Traffic, 2014–2019
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 CAGR
2014–2019
Asia Pacific 977 1,622 2,616 4,114 6,245 9,459 57%
North America 563 849 1,287 1,897 2,704 3,798 47%
Central and Eastern Europe 242 464 832 1,409 2,231 3,488 72%
Western Europe 341 504 760 1,137 1,653 2,392 48%
Latin America 201 354 581 915 1,380 2,032 59%
Mobile data and Internet 2,524 4,176 6,765 10,666 16,140 24,221 57%
For More Information
For more information, refer to the companion document The Zettabyte Era—Trends and Analysis. Inquiries can
be directed to traffic-inquiries@cisco.com.

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Cisco Visual Networking Index White paper

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Cisco Visual Networking Index White paper