Class 7 DEGREES OF COMPARISON (1)(1).ppt
- 1. DEGREES OF COMPARISON Department of English and Foreign Languages SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- 2. Introduction • Degrees of comparison deals with the adjectives and adverbs. • To show how big or small, high or low, more or less, many or few etc. and of the qualities, numbers and positions of the noun (persons, things and places) in comparison to the others mentioned in the other parts of a sentence or expression.
- 3. Example • There was an old man named Rama in Mysore .He was a poor farmer. He had three lazy sons. • But all of them were strong and healthy young men. Go, find and share the treasure among you”. • This worried and saddened the old man.
- 4. Example Contd. • The worried old man got an idea. • He called his sons and said, “ I have hidden a treasure in our farmland. • Go, find and share the treasure among you”. • The over joyed sons started to turn each nook and corner of the field but didn’t find anything. They were disappointed. • Their father said to them, “ You have ploughed the field, why not sow a crop.”
- 5. Example Contd. • The sons agreed. Soon the crops grew lushly green. The father said to the sons, “ This is the treasure I wanted you to share.” • The delighted sons thanked their loving father. • We see that fruits of hard work are always sweet. • Old, Poor, Worried Saddened, Loving Farmer/man
- 6. Example Contd. • Lazy • Strong • Healthy Sons • Delighted • These words old, poor, worried, saddened, strong, healthy, delighted lazy, loving, lushly, green ‐ Adjectives • They tell us something about the Nouns man or farmer, son and crop.
- 7. The form of an adjective is often changed to show the extent or degree of quality present in a person or thing. This change in form to show the difference in level is called Comparison. Examples •Old – older - oldest •Strong - stronger - strongest •Healthy - healthier - healthiest •Loving - more loving - most loving
- 8. Comparison- Three types Degree Degree markers New words Positive as + adj+ as so+ adj + as Comparative Add - ad j+ er - more + adj than Entire word changed Better, less Superlative add ‘the’ before adj add adj + est or most + adj Best, least
- 9. Positive Degree - Compares two things that are equal. The pattern Sub + to be + as + adj + as +object Sub + verb + as + adv + as +object The rabbit is a cute animal. A giraffe has a long neck. Elephant is a huge animal.
- 10. • In these sentences the nouns Rabbit, Giraffe and the Elephant have one quality above average. Examples • An apple is as delicious as an orange. • Silver is as expensive as gold. • Anna is as rich as Tina.
- 11. Degrees of Inequality • Positive degree is also used to compare two things which are not equal & do not have same status. Examples • Teena is not so tall as her friend Reena. • Teena is not so beautiful as Reena. Note: Here the adjective in positive form is joined with the conjunction not so‐‐‐‐‐as to express inequality.
- 12. Comparative degree The Pattern for 1 syllable Sub + to be + adj + er + than + obj Sub + verb + adv + er + than + obj • The adjective of comparative is used to show the wide difference between two things.
- 13. Examples • River Nile in Africa is longer than river Ganga in India. • The peaks of Himalayas are higher than any other mountain peaks in India. Note:Here the adjectives of comparative degree are followed by “than” ,thus this kind of comparison is called Comparative degree.
- 14. The pattern for more than two syllables Sub + to be + more + adj + than + obj Sub + verb + more + adv + than + obj Examples 1. This red dress is more beautiful than the white. 2. He speaks Tamil more fluently than I (me). 3. Tajmahal is more impressive than Red fort.
- 15. Superlative Degree - to compare one thing with two or more other things. The pattern for ONE syllable Sub + to be + the + adj + est + obj Sub + verb + the + adv + est + obj • This Superlative adjective is used to show that a person or a thing has the best or the worst of quality.
- 16. • NOTE: Here the adjective in superlative degree is preceded by “the”, thus such sentences are said to be in Superlative degree . Examples John is the tallest boy in the family. He works the hardest of all the employees in this office.
- 17. More than TWO syllables Pattern Sub + to be + the most + adj + obj Sub + verb + the most + adv + obj Examples 1. Kavalan was the most boring film I have ever seen. 2. Kavya dances the most gracefully of all the participant.
- 18. Exceptions • Use the form more / most+ adjective for adjective ending in the following suffixes: -ed, -ful, -ing, -ish and ous (more/most useful, more/ most boring, more/most cautious) • When an adjective ends in a consonant +y, change the y to i and add –er or - est (happy-happier/ the happiest, dry- drier/the driest) and for –some, - ow and add –er or -est (handsomer/the handsomest narrower/the narrowest)
- 19. POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE Bad Far Good Well Little Much/Many Worse Farther Further Better Better Less More The worst The farthest The furthest The best The best The least The most
- 20. Examples 1. His behavior is as bad (bad) as his brother’s. 2. New York has the most (many) tall buildings of any city in the world. 3. She knits as good (good) as her mother. 4. Alisa plays the violin better (good) than the other violinist.
- 21. More Examples • Tom is the cleverest boy • Tom is cleverer than anyother boy in the class • No other boy in the class is as clever as Tom • Production is not as difficult as marketing • Marketing is more difficult than production • A Petrol engine is not as efficient as a Diesal engine • Diesel engine is more efficient than petrol engine.
- 22. More examples • No other metal is as useful as iron • Iron is more useful than any other metal • Iron is the most useful of all metal • Light travels faster than sound • Sound does not travel so fast as light. • Mumbai is one of the biggest of Indian Cities • Mumbai is bigger than most other Indian cities • Very few cities are so big as Mumbai.
- 23. Exercises • 1. Silver is more ductile than gold ( C. into Positive ) • 2. Water is not so dense as oil.( Into Com. D) • 3. Listening is not a less important skill than reading( To Posi) • 4.Copper is not as useful a metal as lead.( to Com.) • 5. My mobile does not work better than my brother’s.( to P) • 6. Hydrogen is not as heavy as Co2 ( to Com )
- 24. Thank You