Classification of health hazards
- 1. Classification of Health Hazards JAMSHED KHAN 2017 -BT-MECH-761 HAFIZ ARSALAN HASSAN 2017-BT-MECH-762
- 2. Hazards & Risk Hazards: Any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work. Risk: The chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.
- 3. HAZARD??? A Food safety hazard is a biological, chemical or physical agent or condition of food with the potential to cause harm or an adverse health affect at the time of consumption. CONTROL MEASURES??? Any action or activity that can be used to prevent, eliminate or reduce a significant hazard.
- 5. Types of Health Hazards
- 6. Chemical Hazards A chemical hazard is a type of occupational hazard caused by exposure to chemicals in the workplace. Exposure to chemicals in the workplace can cause acute or long-term detrimental health effects. Health effects: Disrupt body metabolism Cause cancer (e.g.: Aflatoxins- liver cancer) Damage genes Alter organ functions Affect developing brains in foetuses, infants and children (e.g.: mercury )
- 7. Chemical Hazards Routes of entry into the body Skin Contact Ingestion Inhalation
- 8. Chemical Hazards Routes of excretion Respiratory (exhalation) Renal (urine)Gastro-intestinal Skin (sweat, hair, nails)
- 9. Chemical Hazards A chemical hazard is a type of occupational hazard caused by exposure to chemicals in the workplace. Classification of Toxic Effects Local toxicity- occurs at the site of chemical contact Systemic toxicity- occurs distant from point of contact, may involve many organ systems Acute toxicity- occurs almost immediately (hours/days) after an exposure
- 10. Chemical Hazards Health Effects Renal Diseases Respiratory Diseases Skin Diseases Hematologic Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases Neurologic Diseases Carcinogenic Teratogenic
- 11. Industrial Hygiene Industrial Hygiene is the art and science of the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of environmental health hazards arising in or from the workplace. Safety = prevention of accidents / incidents IH = prevention of occupational illnesses Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene Evaluation Control Identification
- 12. Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene
- 13. Physical Hazards A factor within the environment that can harm the body without necessarily touching it. Noise Vibration Extreme Temperature illumination Radiation
- 14. Physical Hazards Physical hazards include but aren't limited to electricity, radiation, pressure, noise, heights and vibration amongst many others. Agriculture Body stressing Construction work Electrical risks Flood Recovery
- 15. Noise Types of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Temporary Threshold Shift (auditory fatigue) temporary loss of hearing acuity after exposure to loud noise recovery within 16-48 hrs. Permanent Threshold Shift irreversible loss of hearing
- 16. Other Harmful Effects of Noise • Hypertension • Hyperacidity • Palpitations • Disturbs relaxation and sleep
- 17. Vibration • Health Effects: Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) Tingling, numbness, blanching of fingers pain
- 18. Whole Body Vibration Health effects: Fatigue Irritability Headache Disorders of the spine
- 19. Extreme Temperature Frostbite: reddening of skin, localized burning pain and numbness. Fingers, toes, cheeks, nose, ears are most susceptible. Trench foot or immersion foot: numbness,pain,cramps,ulcerationand gangrene.
- 20. illumination Health Effects: Visual Fatigue Double Vision Headaches Painful irritation Conjunctivitis
- 21. Radiation Ionizing X-rays Gamma rays Cancer, congenital defects, death Non-ionizing Ultraviolet Infrared Laser skin redness, premature skin ageing, and skin cancer corneal and conjunctival burns, retinal injury, cataract Skin and eye problem
- 22. Control measures of physical hazards Prevention Find and Remove Prevention: Identification of raw materials, ingredients, packaging materials and processes that are at high risk of contamination. Proper maintenance of the buildings, facilities, grounds and processing plants and equipment's..etc.. Eliminate potential sources of physical hazards within the establishment. Employee training program
- 23. Find and Remove: Physical exclusion of hazards. (e.g.: screens, filters and sieves, etc ) Effective detection and elimination systems Proper equipment design, selection, calibration and maintenance. On-line visual inspection Detection methods include metal detectors, X-ray machines, optical systems, magnets. Consumer feed back or complaint analysis
- 24. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS VIRUSES BACTERIA FUNGI PARASITES
- 25. Selected Infectious Diseases and Occupations Disease Occupation Ringworm (in horses, cattle, deer, pigs, cats, dogs, birds) Pet shop salesmen, stockmen, breeders of cats and dogs, and other animal handlers Tetanus Farmers (spores in soil) or anyone in contact with manure. Psittacosis (in parrots, parakeets, pigeons, ducks, turkeys, chickens, etc.) Hookworm Pet shop personnel, gardeners, housewives, veterinary surgeons, and researchers. Miners, agricultural laborers, planters of sugar, tobacco, tea, rice and cotton, and brick and tunnel workers.
- 26. Body Fluids with High Viral Load Blood Vaginal and cervicalmucus Cerebrospinal fluid
- 27. An ergonomic hazard is a physical factor within the environment that harms the musculoskeletal system. Ergonomic Hazards include: Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs. Frequent lifting. Poor posture. Awkward movements, especially if they are repetitive. Using too much force, especially if it's done frequently. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
- 28. STRESS Manifestations of Stress PSYCHOLOGICAL Fatigue Anxiety Tension Depression Boredom PHYSIOLOGICAL Heart rate Blood pressure Indigestion BEHAVIORAL Drug use Alcohol intake Heavy smoking Impulsive emotional behavior