classification of lesion
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This document classifies and describes different types of oral lesions. It discusses primary lesions like macules, papules, plaques, nodules, vesicles, bullae, pustules, purpura, petechiae and ecchymoses. It also discusses secondary lesions that result from primary lesions or injury, such as ulcers, erosions, fissures, scars, sinuses, fistulas and crusts. Each type of lesion is defined and examples are provided. Primary lesions represent basic skin reactions while secondary lesions result from modifications or complications of primary lesions.
classification of lesion
- 1. Classification of lesions Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Submitted to :-
- 2. What is lesion ? It is a region in an organ or tissue which has suffered damage through injury or disease, such as a wound, ulcer, abscess, or tumour Normal Lesion
- 3. Classification of lesion Primary lesion :- Basic reaction patterns of skin with a definite morphology , Eg. Macules Papule Plaque Nodule Vesicle Bullae Pustule Purpura Patechiae Ecchymoses Secondary :- modification of a primary lesion that results from traumatic injury, evolution from the primary lesion, or other external factor Eg. Ulcer Erosion Fissure Scar Sinus Fistula Crusts Hematoma
- 4. Macule These are well circumscribed , flat lesion that are noticeable because of their change from normal skin or mucosa colour They may be red due to inflammation or increased vascularity or pigmentation due to melanin , hemosidrine ,
- 5. Papule :- Well circumscribed, solid, flat-topped raised lesion up to 1 cm in diameter It is seen in a wide variety of disease including sarcoidosis, erythema Plaque :- well circumscribed solid lesion more than 1 cm in diameter ; are larger then papule
- 6. Nodule :- Theses are present deeper in dermis or mucosa . The lesion may also protrude above the skin or mucosa but are generally wider than their height Eg. Initiation of Fibroma
- 7. Vesicle :- These are elevated sharply circumscribed blisters containing clear fluid that are less than 1 cm in diameter Bulla :- Sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevated more than 1 cm in diameter
- 8. Pustule :- Blister containing purulent material
- 9. Purpura :- These are reddish to purple bruises caused by blood from vessels leaking into the connective tissue, these lesion don’t blench when pressure is applied and classified by size as Patechiae :- less than 0.5 cm in diameter Ecchymoses :- Greater than 1 cm in diameter
- 10. Secondary Lesion Ulcers These are well circumscribed , often depressed lesion with an epithelial defect that is covered by a fibrin clot, causing a yellowish, white appearance Eg. Tabes dorsalis ulces , Tubercular Ulcer
- 11. Erosion :- Simply loss of superficial layer of epithelium These are red lesion often caused by the rupture of vesicles or bullae or trauma and are generally moist on skin surface Ulcer
- 12. Scar :- Scar are the areas of fibrous tissue (fibrosis) that replace normal skin after injury. A scar results from the biological process of wound repair in the skin and other tissues of the body . Scarring is a natural part of the healing process. With the exception of very minor lesions, every wound results in some degree of scarring
- 14. Fissure A fissure is linear cleavage of skin which extends into the dermis.
- 15. Sinus :- Blind tract which connect a cavity lined by granulation tissue to the epithelial surface
- 16. Fistula :- Communication between two epithelial lined surface . Fistulas are usually caused by injury or surgery, but they can also result from an infection or inflammation. Fistulas are generally a disease condition, but they may be surgically created for therapeutic reasons. Eg. Oroantral fistula
- 17. Crust :- Varying colors of liquid debris (serum or pus) that has dried on the surface of the skin Thick, dry exudates after rupture or drying up of vesicle or pustule Eg. Impitigo, scab following abrasion
- 18. Hematoma is a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries. A hematoma is initially in liquid form spread among the tissues including in sacs between tissues where it may coagulate and solidify before blood is reabsorbed into blood vessels. An ecchymosis is a hematoma of the skin larger than 10 mm. Hematoma :-
- 19. References Burkit’s Oral Medicine 12th Edition Text book of Oral Medicine Anil Govindrao Ghom 2nd Edition