Classification_of_Living_Things.pp Classification_of_Living_Thingst
- 1. Classification of Living Things Classification of Living Things Scientists estimate that there are between 3 million and 100 million species of organisms on Earth. Taxonomists Taxonomists--biologists who specialize in identifying and classifying life on our planet--have named approximately 1.7 million species so far. Each year, about 13,000 13,000 new species are added to the list of known organisms. So, how do scientists classify (organize) all these millions of species?
- 2. 3 Domains and 4 Kingdoms PROKARYOTES organisms with no no nuclear membrane organisms with with a nuclear membrane 2 Types of Cells EUKARYOTES
- 4. The History of Life on Earth The History of Life on Earth Life began on Earth 3.6 billion years ago as a prokaryotic cell (single-celled organism with no nuclear membrane). For 2.6 billion years, life was unicellular. Multicellular eukaryotes (with nuclear membrane) evolved about 1 billion years ago. The Earth formed 4.5 billion years ago.
- 6. Life’s History and Diversity Life’s History and Diversity Note the close spacing of the groups plants plants (maize), fungi fungi (yeast) and animals animals (humans). Line length reflects evolutionary distance. We’ve got a lot more in common with bacteria and plants than we think!
- 7. Animals diversified in the ocean about 600 million years ago. Plants colonized land about 440 million years ago and were followed shortly by animals. Humans of any sort are a very recent evolutionary development (~ 7 million years ago). Life’s History Life’s History in the ocean
- 8. 3 Domains and 6 Kingdoms
- 9. The Archaea are one of two groups of prokaryotic organisms, organisms with no nuclear membrane. (Bacteria are the other group.) Archaea are best known for living in extremely hostile environments (very hot, very acid, or very salty), but they can also be found in less extreme conditions. Archaea are believed to be the earliest form of life on Earth. Although both archaea and bacteria are simple life-forms, archaea are very different from bacteria. Archaea do not require sunlight for photosynthesis, as plants do, and they do not need oxygen. Archaea absorb CO2, N2, or H2S and give off methane gas as a waste product. Archaea Archaea ARCHAEA ARCHAEA
- 10. A Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vent – Prime Habitat for Archaean Extremophiles Archaean Extremophiles video of black s moker
- 11. Hot springs in Yellowstone Park–“Hot” Spots for Archaean Extremophiles Archaean Extremophiles Archaea in Yellowstone Searching for Archaea in Yellowstone’s Obsidian Pool Prismatic Pool, Yellowstone Park
- 12. Bacteria Bacteria – the Most Abundant Organisms There are more bacteria in your mouth than there have been people living since the dawn of humans. Bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus; yellow spheres) adhering to nasal cilia. E. Coli bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
- 13. What Good Are Bacteria? What Good Are Bacteria? Newsflash!!! Bacteria discovered that can do photosynthesis! Bacteria are the primary primary recyclers of recyclers of materials in the materials in the environment environment, particularly nitrogen nitrogen. .
- 14. What Good Are Bacteria? Bacteria are also essential for many processes we depend on – sewage treatment, cheese production, antibiotic production, and biotechnological processes like gene cloning and protein production.
- 15. Bacteria are used to produce insulin insulin and other drugs that people need.
- 16. The Domain Eukarya Eukarya is divided into 4 Kingdoms: Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Classifying Critters activity
- 17. PROTISTS • Protists are eukaryotes because they all have a nucleus. • Most have mitochondria. • Many have chloroplasts with which they carry on photosynthesis. • Many are unicellular and all groups (with one exception) contain some unicellular members. A better name for Protists would be "Eukaryotes that are neither "Eukaryotes that are neither Animals, Fungi, nor Plants" Animals, Fungi, nor Plants". . Protists Visit Protist Park
- 18. FUNGI FUNGI FUNGI Fungi sometimes look like plants, but they’re not! Fungi can’t do photosynthesis, because they don’t have chloroplasts; they get their nutrients from the organic material they live in. Decomposers, like mushrooms, feed on dead organic material. Some fungi feed on living organisms, such as plants, animals and even other fungi. This causes diseases and infections in these organisms (like athlete’s foot and ringworm in humans). Some fungi live as symbiotic partners with algae. The result: lichen (pronounced “like-n”). more lichen Other differences from plants: • fungi don’t have roots, they have a mycelium. • fungi’s cell walls are made of chitin, not cellulose.
- 19. PLANTS No vascular system Vascular system Mosses, Mosses, Liverworts, Liverworts, Hornworts Hornworts Seedless Plants (reproduce by spores) Ferns, Ferns, Horsetails, Horsetails, Club Mosses Club Mosses Seed Plants (reproduce by seeds) Gymnosperms (“naked seeds”) Angiosperms (flowers, seeds enclosed in fruit) Conifers Conifers Cycads Cycads Gingkoes Gingkoes Flowering Plants Flowering Plants
- 22. As you can see, we mammals mammals (4000 species) are far outnumbered by the other vertebrates, or chordates vertebrates, or chordates (38,300). And vertebrates vertebrates (42,300) are definitely outnumbered by invertebrates invertebrates (989,700 species). The biggest categories of invertebrates: INSECTS!
- 24. 3 members of the genus “Felis” (cat). Taxonomy, or classification, enables scientists to assign a very specific name to every species, so that scientists all over the world know exactly what species is being referred to.
- 25. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Remember: Kids Prefer Candy Over Fresh Green Salad Class
- 26. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Suborder: Aeluroidae Family: Felidae Subfamily: Panthernae Genus: Panthera Species: Species: Tigris Tigris Subspecies Panthera tigris altaica Siberian or Amur Tiger, Southeast Russia/China Panthera tigris tigris India Panthera tigris amoyensis Southern China Panthera tigris corbetti Indochina Panthera tigris sumatrae Sumatran
- 27. Primates Primates – Our Order within the Class Mammalia Mammalia Humans: Humans: Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: H. Sapiens
- 28. This is approximately where the last 60 million years of primate evolution has occurred.