Clauses
- 1. Clause (Sentence): A group of words with a subject-verb unit For example: The student goes to the school. Phrase-: A group of words without a subject- verb unit For example: The student to the school
- 2. Parts of Clauses 1. Main Clause/Principle/Independent: A group of words with subject and verb unit that expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. For example: The student goes to the school. 2. Dependent/Subordinate Clause: A clause which does not express complete thought and depends on another clause (main clause) to express complete thought. For instance: The student goes to the school which is close to the SBI bank.
- 3. Sentence Structure Types 1. Simple: One main/principle/independent sentence/clause: For example: Aarzoo completes her homework. 2. Compound Sentence: Two independent clauses (sentences) are combined into one sentence with the help of a connecter/linker/conjunction from any of the seven coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) i.e. For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, and So. 3. Complex Sentence: It contains one principle/main/independent and at least one dependent/subordinate clause. These two or more than two clauses are connected into one complex sentence with the help of subordinating conjunctions. For instance: I saw a bird that was sitting on the tree. (One independent clause + one dependent clause) I met a students who was preparing for the HTET exam.
- 4. Use of Coordinating Conjunctions FANBOYS - Uses of coordinating conjunctions to make compound sentences are as follows: 1. For (Reason): Example: I love to watch Rhitik Roshan. He dances beautifully. (2 Independent clauses) I love to watch Rhitik Roshan, for he dances beautifully. (compound sentence) 2. And (Addition/Conjunction): Example: Sumayya makes tea. Simran cooks food. Sumayya makes tea, and Simran cooks food. (compound sentence)
- 5. Use of FANBOYS Linkers (Continued…) 3. Nor (Not or Disjunction) Example 1: He doesn’t play football. He doesn't want to. He doesn’t play football, nor does he want to. (compound sentence) Example 2: She doesn’t study mathematics. She doesn’t want to. She doesn’t want to study mathematics, nor does she want to (compound sentence) 4.But (Contrast) Examples: He is rich. He is miser. He is rich, but he is miser. (compound sentence) 5. Or (Result/Cause/Effect) Example: Shall we go to the market, or wait for Payal? Example 2. You work hard. You get ready to fail. You work hard, or you get ready to fail. (compound sentence) .
- 6. Use of FANBOYS Linkers (Continued…) 6. Yet (Concession/Non Cause-Effect) Example: He did not want to leave his family. He left his family for work. He did not want to leave his family, he left his family for work. (compound sentence) 7. So (Cause-effect) Example: I am running out of money. I am not going to watch the movie. I am running out of money, so I am not going to watch the movie. (compound sentence)
- 7. List of Common Subordinating Conjunctions after since although so that as though as if till as long as unless as though until before whenever When what even though where if wherever once while provided whether because
- 8. Types of Complex Sentences To be Discussed in the Next Class Dependent clauses: add meaning to independent clauses in a variety of ways by acting like adjectives, adverbs, or nouns. 1. Adjective Clause Relative clauses are dependent clauses that modify or give more information about a noun in the independent clause, which is called noun clause. Fort instance 1: The girl who is wearing black scarf is my classmate. Example 2: The dog that I brought home from the pound was soon fast asleep
- 9. 2. Noun Clause: It is a dependent clause that takes the place of any noun in the sentence For example 1: She was saddened by what she had read Example 2: Why my pet turtle stares at me all day is beyond me. 3. Adverbial Clause: are dependent clauses that modify or give more information about a verb in the independent clause. For example: He ate carrots because he loves them. Example 2: Wherever they have carrots, you will find the rabbit.