Cloud computing Paper

www.ijird.com October, 2013 Vol 2 Issue 10
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Page 269
Cloud Computing
1.An Introduction TO Cloud Computing
Virtualization and cloud computing are two of the most popular and exciting new technologies to emerge in the last few years.
Companies are turning to these approaches to help cut down on their internal resources, help applications and software run much more
efficiently, and perhaps, most importantly, help them save money. With this large migration toward cloud computing, many
companies are trying to find additional ways to expand their capacity without blowing out their budgets, and that is where hybrid
cloud computing comes into play.
Hybrid cloud computing gives companies control over multiple cloud instances with the power to move data and applications back
and forth almost instantaneously. But a lot more goes into hybrid cloud computing than simply setting up two clouds and going to
work. We’ll give you a better understanding of how it works, point out some of the key features and benefits, and help you decide
whether hybrid cloud computing is a fit for your company.
2.What Is Cloud Computing?
Cloud computing is an umbrella term used to refer to Internet based development and services. The cloud is a metaphor for the
Internet. A number of characteristics define cloud data, application services and infrastructure:
Remotely hosted: Services or data are hosted on someone else’s infrastructure.
Ubiquitous: Services or data are available from anywhere.
Commoditized: The result is a utility computing model similar to traditional that of traditional utilities, like gas and electricity. You
pay for what you would like.
3.Software As A Service (Saas)
SaaS is a model of software deployment where an application is hosted as a service provided to customers across the Internet. SaaS is
generally used to refer to business software rather than consumer software, which falls under Web 2.0. By removing the need to install
and run an application on a user’s own computer it is seen as a way for businesses to get the same benefits as commercial software
with a smaller cost outlay. Saas also alleviates the burden of software maintenance and support but users relinquish control over
software versions and requirements. The other terms that are used in this sphere include Platform as a Service (PaaS) and
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
ISSN: 2278 – 0211 (Online)
Assem Abdel Hamed Mousa
Ecommerce Technical Support Systems Manager, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract:
Why cloud computing:
Cloud computing can be a cheaper, faster, and greener alternative to an On-premises solution. Without any infrastructure
investments, you can get Powerful software and massive computing resources quickly—with lower Up-front costs and fewer
management headaches down the road. Cloud-based solutions when evaluating options for new IT deployments Whenever a
secure, reliable, cost-effective cloud option exists. Shifting your agency into the cloud can be a big decision, with many
Considerations. This guide is the first in a series designed to help you Get started. The most important is the right choice
software as a service as a service, infrastructure as a service, and platform as a service or hybrid cloud. While addressing
administration goals of scalable, interactive citizen Portals. The cloud can also help your agency increase collaboration across
Organizations, deliver volumes of data to citizens in useful ways, and reduce IT costs while helping your agency focus on
mission-critical tasks. Plus, the Cloud can help you maintain operational efficiency during times of crisis.

4.Cloud Storage
Over time many big Internet based companies (Amazon, Google…) have come to realize that only a small amount of their data
storage capacity is being used. This has led to the renting out of space and the storage of information on remote servers or "clouds".
Information is then temporarily cached on desktop computers, mobile phones or other internet-linked devices. Amazon’s Amazon
Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple Storage Solution (S3) are the current best known facilities.
5.Data Cloud
Cloud Services can also be used to hold structured data. There has been some discussion of this being a potentially useful notion
possibly aligned with the Semantic Web], though concerns, such as those resulting in data becoming undifferentiated, have been
raised.
6.Opportunities And Challenges
The use of the cloud provides a number of opportunities:
It enables services to be used without any understanding of their infrastructure.
Cloud computing works using economies of scale. It lowers the outlay expense for startup companies, as they would no longer need to
buy their own software or servers. The cost would be by on-demand pricing. Vendors and Service providers claim costs by
establishing an ongoing revenue stream.
Data and services are stored remotely but accessible from ‘anywhere’.
In parallel there has been a backlash against cloud computing:
Use of cloud computing means dependence on others and that could possibly limit flexibility and innovation. The ‘others’ are likely
become the bigger Internet companies like Google and IBM who may monopolize the market. Some argue that this use of
supercomputers is a return to the time of mainframe computing that the PC was a reaction against.
Security could prove to be a big issue. It is still unclear how safe outsourced data is and when using these services ownership of data is
not always clear.
There are also issues relating to policy and access. If your data is stored abroad whose FOI policy do you adhere to? What happens if
the remote server goes down? How will you then be accessing files? There have been cases of users being locked out of accounts and
losing access to data.
Licensed Software Software as a Service (Saas)
-Capital Expenses- You pay up front
-Annual maintenance costs
-Cost for applications, maintenance, infrastructure,
Database server and IT/application resources
-Time taken to install is much higher
& configure applications
-Not much control over vendor after purchase
-You are responsible for the management of the
software installed
-Customers may be on many different releases of
the software
-Upgrading to the newest version of the software
could cost you
-Pay-as-you- USE
-The subscription fee is based on the number
of users per month
-Minimal Cost for annual subscription
IT/application resources
-Faster implementation and Productivity optimization
-More control over relationship with vendor
-Better risk sharing with vendor
-Exit options are simple and easy
Table 1: Licensed Software Via Software As A Service (SaaS)

Economic Reasons Functional Reasons Expected Results
-“Pay as you go” operational
expense rather than a capital
expenditure
-A subscription-based on usage
metrics (instead of a perpetual
license)
-Lower cost-of-business solution
ownership
-Predictability of costs over time
-The management, support, and
upgrading of the software and the
infrastructure that supports it is
the responsibility of the solution
provider
-More rapid access to state-of-
the-art technology
-Highly responsive and scalable
(upwards and downwards)
solutions that cover entire
business processes
-Greater ability to scale as
business needs change
User access to the application is
over the Internet
-Ubiquitous and relatively
inexpensive
-Flexible and customizable
solutions
-Reliable access to data, anywhere,
anytime
-Increased risk mitigation with better
support for compliance
-More rapid time-to-production
-Improved security, performance, and
availability
-Avoidance of vendor lock-in
-Shift in focus to core business
management, rather than disproportionate
attention on the computer environment;
redeploy headcount to strategic IT
initiatives
Table 2: Top Reasons Why You Should Consider HR Cloud (SaaS)
7.Analyzing TCO Cost Drivers
When comparing on-premises software to cloud applications, be sure to look beyond the initial license price of on-premise software.
Cost Drivers Traditional On-Premises Software Cloud Application
Capital Expenses Upfront purchase of software and hardware
May require network infrastructure
enhancements, facilities
Need to support third party monitoring, test tools,
security products
None
Pay-as-you-go subscription pricing
All inclusive: maintenance, support,
training, and upgrades all hardware,
networking, storage, database,
administration
Design and Deployment May take months to deploy
Professional services can cost up to 3X the initial
software purchase
Difficult for vendor to build best practices
Requires staff or contract labor to research,
design, integrate, test, tune, launch, and train
Deploy in weeks
Lower cost using consistent set of best
practices
Ongoing Infrastructure Ongoing software maintenance, upgrades
Ongoing hardware replacement once every three
years
Requires a network monitoring and management
tools
May require additional networking equipment
and bandwidth to accommodate incremental
traffic
The vendor provides as part of the
subscription
Table 3

Cost Benefit analysis On premise Vs SAAS E
# Item On Premise SAAS
Number Value Number Value
1 Infrastructure 29,000.00 -
1.1 Servers with OS 2 6,000.00 0 -
1.2 Software licenses ( Database) 1 4,000.00 0 -
1.3 Internal server security 1 2,000.00 0 -
1.4 Backup 1 2,000.00 0 -
1.5 DR site 1 5,000.00 0 -
1.6 Other overheads 1 10,000.00
2 Software 100,000.00
2.1 License fee 1 80,000.00 0 -
2.2 ESS licenses (cal) 50 20,000.00 0 -
3 Setup 150,000.00 100,000.00
3.1 Installation and setup 100 150,000.00 60 90,000.00
Total onetime cost 279,000.00 100,000.00
4 Recurring cost 225,000.00 300,000.00
4.1 Annual maintenance -5 yrs @ 20% 5 80,000.00 0 -
4.2 Monthly subscription -5 yrs @10 $ 0 - 500 300,000.00
4.3 Server maintenance 5 25,000.00 0
4.5 Resource overheads 5 120,000.00
Total cost for 5 years 504,000.00 400,000.00
Total saving $ 104,000.00
Table 4
8.Hybrid Cloud
9.Introduction
The economic benefits offered by public clouds are attractive enough for many organizations to push some of their non-critical
workloads to such services while also using private clouds for their mission-critical needs. Such hybrid cloud deployments have
proven to be advantageous not just in terms of better economics but also in terms of business agility. The best-of-both worlds
Approach of hybrid cloud lets organizations take advantage of public clouds to reduce capex while still keeping their mission-critical
workloads inside the organization. However, by combining private and public cloud models, hybrid clouds have the largest attack
surface
Businesses must deploy security across both the private and public cloud elements. We will discuss the business benefits of hybrid
clouds, the security considerations, and how one can mitigate the risks involved with the use of public clouds along with a private
cloud.
10.What Is A Hybrid Cloud?
The lines between public and private cloud will blur and customers will be either in the private or the public cloud. Google has started
offering applets (downloadable appliances), that let users deploy the company’s cloud-based offerings internally. An offline version of
its Gmail product is also available. IBM and Juniper have collaborated together and have aimed at managing hybrid clouds. Initiatives
like these will make more enterprises look at the hybrid cloud. In its simplistic definition, a hybrid cloud is a combination of both
public and private clouds. If we apply the definition from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), “a hybrid cloud

is a combination of public and private clouds bound together by either standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and
application portability.” It could be a combination of a private cloud inside an organization with one or more public cloud provider or
a private cloud hosted on third-party premises with one or more public cloud providers. Trend Micro, a cloud security company,
recently conducted a survey which indicated that public cloud services fail to meet IT and business requirements of some of the
business organizations
A hybrid cloud environment can help meet their needs. In some ways, hybrid clouds can be considered an intermediate stage as
enterprises prepare to move most of their workload to public clouds.
11.Trend Micro Survey Results
A recent survey conducted by Trend Micro offers some insights into the expectations and concerns businesses have about cloud
technologies. The survey was conducted in six different countries with 1200 respondents from companies with at least 500 employees.
Some of the key results are:
 38% of the survey respondents say that their IT requirements are not being met by the cloud providers. Similarly, 38%
claimed that their current cloud service providers are not meeting their business needs.
 For companies that have public cloud or hybrid applications currently in production, 45% of the existing applications are
already deployed in the cloud and an average of 53% of new applications will be deployed in the cloud © Krishnan
Subramanian 2011 Hybrid Clouds Page | 2
 49% of the survey respondents indicated that if they knew how to secure their data in the cloud, it would increase their
consideration for cloud adoption.
 Increasingly, companies are realizing that the use of a hybrid cloud expands the number of applications they deploy into the
cloud. However, almost half (49%) feels they need to improve their knowledge of cloud security to further increase cloud
adoption. Using hybrid clouds will help them understand the security implications of the public clouds better before they
move all their workloads
 Benefits
Hybrid clouds offer the cost and scale benefits of public clouds while also offering the security business benefits of and
control of private clouds. We will highlight some of the hybrid clouds.
 Cost Savings
Reduces capital expenses as part of the organization’s infrastructure needs are outsourced to public cloud providers.
 Improves resource allocation for temporary projects at a vastly reduced cost because the use of public clouds removes the
need for investments to carry out these projects
 helps optimize the infrastructure spending during different stages of the application lifecycle. Public clouds can be tapped for
development and testing while private clouds can be used for production. More importantly, public clouds can be used to
retire applications, which may be no longer needed because of the move to SaaS, at much lower cost than dedicated on-
premise infrastructure
12.Business Agility
 Offers both the controls available in a private cloud deployment along with the ability to rapidly scale using public clouds
 Supplies support for cloud bursting, tapping the public clouds for an unexpected need for additional compute resources.
 Provides drastic improvements in the overall organizational agility, because of the ability to leverage public clouds, leading
to increased opportunities hitherto unavailable in traditional infrastructure or pure private clouds.
13.Security Considerations
As organizations use hybrid clouds for their business needs, they must understand the new security requirements of a hybrid cloud
environment. While hybrid clouds offer the security
The advantages of private clouds, there are some unique security challenges that arise as the Perimeter extends beyond the
organization’s boundaries. Along with the typical security
Considerations associated with private clouds, there is some additional factors one should consider in a hybrid environment.
14.Recommendations For Hybrid Cloud Adoption
Hybrid Cloud Implementation
In the Trend Micro survey, 10% of respondents had a hybrid cloud in production and another 45% were implementing or were in the
midst of piloting a hybrid cloud.
15.Hybrid Cloud Use Cases
There are many different scenarios for employing hybrid clouds but we will list out some of the most prominent ones:
Using the private cloud for mission-critical applications and pushing the non-critical ones to public clouds. For example, a company
might use a public cloud for test and development while using a private cloud inside the organization for production

Deployment. Another example would be using public clouds for external facing applications while using a private cloud for internal
applications.
 Cloud burst, a dynamic deployment of an application running in a private cloud into public clouds to meet an unexpected
demand, such as a retail company’s need to meet increasing traffic associated with holiday shopping.
 Another example is non-destructive Disaster Recovery (DR) testing. Organizations can test if their production environment is
DR ready by tapping the public clouds and without any disruption.
16.Hybrid Deployments
If a dedicated server is required to run a high speed database application, that hardware can be integrated into a private cloud, in effect,
hybridizing the solution between virtual servers and dedicated servers. This can’t be achieved in a public cloud.
As opposed to public clouds, private clouds are not delivered through a utility model or pay-as-you-go basis because the hardware is
dedicated. Private clouds are generally preferred by mid and large size enterprises because they meet the security and compliance
requirements of these larger organizations and their customers.
http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/managed-hosting-news/public-cloud-or-private-cloud-41891
http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/managed-hosting-news/public-cloud-or-private-cloud-41891
Four imperatives for success with hybrid IT
Success in today's hybrid computing environment requires a rebalancing of investments. Optimizing and reducing resources spent on
infrastructure will allow increased strategic investments in integration, intelligence and innovation.
Infrastructure. Infrastructure optimization generally requires consolidation, standardization and upgrades at the server, data center and
application levels, as well as across IT processes. Efficiencies across all these levels free up resources to invest in other areas.
However, business leaders often cannot wait for IT to reach optimization goals, often demanding new capabilities and supporting
systems. Cloud products bridge the gap, accelerating adoption of new systems while freeing resources to facilitate optimization efforts
and other strategic initiatives. The benefits of hybrid IT are clear in HCM, where legacy applications have failed to keep pace with the
latest innovations in process and user experience. It is now commonplace to integrate on-premises core HR and payroll systems with
cloud-based talent management applications, and in this way, HR has been effectively undeterred from the constraints of legacy IT.
Embracing a hybrid computing model enables organizations to balance the need for business-level agility and speed with the need to
maintain data control and continue to leverage investments in core enterprise systems.
Integration. Quality and sustainability of integrations continue to be a top concern for CIOs. Historically, integrations required myriad
tools and processes, lacked standardization, and were largely managed and supported by users. Frequent updates of SaaS applications
meant frequent maintenance of complex and often tenuous system touch points. But integration concerns need not slow down HR
processes in the cloud. In fact, a hybrid IT approach can accelerate the success of cloud HR systems by freeing up IT resources to
focus on improved integrations spanning data, metadata, business processes and, ideally, even the user experience. Other initiatives,
such as managing integration libraries, ensuring master data management and improving access to "big data" stored in both internal
and external systems, all contribute to the sustainability and efficacy of cloud systems integrated with the core, on-premises
applications.
Intelligence. Today's IT department typically spends less than 15% of its overall technology budget on business intelligence (BI)
initiatives. Infrastructure optimization via hybrid IT unencumbers resources that can instead be applied to BI initiatives that in turn can
improve business outcomes. For example, liberating data from core transactional systems, such as finance and manufacturing systems,
and then connecting it with workforce data from cloud and/or on-premises HR systems will vastly improve business insight, scenario
planning and decision support. Further investments in improving data quality, increasing mobile accessibility and the establishment of
key performance indicators (KPIs) will set the stage for even greater advances in business insight and forecasting through big data
analytics.
Innovation. For HR and IT managers to remain relevant in the future, they need to collaborate with business leaders when introducing
innovative new technology. Social, mobile and cloud approaches are just a few of the disruptive technologies enabling new
innovations across the enterprise. In addition, HR cloud deployments are challenging the constraints of legacy infrastructure as they
introduce innovations in mobile accessibility, user experience and new social workflow processes. IT organizations can either
constrain the reach of these innovations or embrace them and propel their success through a well-crafted hybrid technology
infrastructure that supports experimentation with disruptive technologies and ensures enterprise-wise flexibility.
As the lines of engagement between employees, customers and partners -- and the boundaries between the systems through which they
interact -- blur and converge, best-in-class hybrid infrastructures will emerge to support the resulting heterogeneous composition of
technology platforms. SaaS HCM is at the forefront of this transformation, serving as a template for how organizations can optimize
their technology infrastructure without putting off critical investments in integration, intelligence and innovation.
Going forward, business technology environments will be collections of on-premises, private and public cloud systems. Hybrid IT is
not just a step along the journey to cloud -- it is the destination.

17.Conclusion
Cloud computing can be a cheaper, faster, and greener alternative to an
On-premises solution
The most important is the right choice software as a service saas infrastructure as a service platform as a service or hybrid cloud.
Hybrid clouds offer a greater flexibility to businesses while offering choice in terms of keeping control and security. Hybrid clouds are
usually deployed by organizations willing to push part of their workloads to public clouds either for cloud bursting purposes or for
projects requiring faster
Implementation. Because hybrid clouds vary based on company needs and structure of implementation, there is no one-size-fits-all
solution. Since hybrid environments involve both on-premise and public cloud providers, some additional infrastructure security
considerations come into the picture, which are normally associated with public clouds. . Any businesses
Planning to deploy hybrid clouds should understand the different security needs and follow the industry best practices to mitigate any
risks. Once secure, a hybrid cloud environment can help businesses transition more applications into public clouds, providing
additional cost savings.
Public and private clouds are considered in two other whitepapers where security considerations and solutions on these environments
are discussed
18.References
1. Software as a service, Wikipedia,
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_service>
2. Welcome to the Data Cloud, The Semantic Web blog, 6 Oct 2008,
<http://blogs.zdnet.com/semantic-web/?p=205>
3. Hybrid Clouds Krishnan Subramanian Analyst & Researcher
4. Krishworld.com
5. Microsoft Government Guides • Cloud computing
http://www.microsoft.com/govcloud
6. Entering the cloud
http://www.microsoft.com/industry/government/guides/cloud_computing/1-entering.aspx
7. 2013: Year of the hybrid cloud By Christine Burns, Network World
December 03, 2012 12:08 AM ET
8. Hybrid cloud by: Margaret Rouse, June 2010
9. BEING HUMAN HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION IN THE YEAR 2020, 2008 Microsoft Corpora

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