Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing
Seminar
Presented by:
S K Jha
1
Submitted to:
Prof. Awadhesh Kumar Singh
(HOD,Computer Engineering Dept.)
NIT Kurukshetra
Date:- 02/09/2016

Cloud Computing
Cloud computing means on demand delivery of IT resources via the
internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. It provides a solution of IT
infrastructure in low cost.
What is Cloud?
 The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet. In other words, we can
say that Cloud is something, which is present at remote location. Cloud
can provide services over public and private networks, i.e., WAN, LAN or
VPN.
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Cloud Computing
What is Cloud Computing?
 Cloud Computing refers to manipulating,
configuring, and accessing the hardware and software
resources remotely.
 It offers online data storage, infrastructure, and
application.
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Cloud Computing
platform independency
 Cloud computing offers platform independency, as the software is
not required to be installed locally on the PC.
Hence, the Cloud Computing is making our business
applications collaborative.
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Cloud Computing
Technologies came before cloud computing
 Distributed Computing
 Mobile computing
 Cluster computing
 Peer to Peer Computing
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Cloud Computing
 Distributed Computing
Distributed computing can be defined as the use of a distributed system to
solve a single large problem by breaking it down into several tasks where
each task is computed in the individual computers of the distributed system.
Distributed Computing System Examples
 World Wide Web
 Facebook
 ATM
 Google Bots, Google Web Server
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Cloud Computing
 Mobile Computing
Mobile Computing is a technology that allows transmission of data, voice and
video via a computer or any other wireless enabled device without having to
be connected to a fixed physical link.
The main concept involves −
 Mobile communication
 Mobile hardware,
 Mobile software.
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Cloud Computing
 Cluster Computing
 A computer cluster consists of a set of loosely or tightly
connected computers that work together so that, in many respects, they
can be viewed as a single system.
 computer clusters have each node set to perform the same task,
controlled and scheduled by software.
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Cloud Computing
 Peer to Peer Computing
 A relationship between two computers on the same network such that
they are able to share information without a third computer having
to act as a server.
 Peer to peer networking is often used on the Internet to facilitate
the sharing of music and video files (often illegally) between users.
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Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing Technologies
There are certain technologies working behind the cloud
computing platforms making cloud computing flexible,
reliable, and usable. These technologies are :-
1. Virtualization
2. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
3. Grid Computing
4. Utility Computing
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Cloud Computing
Virtualization
 Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share single physical
instance of an application or resource among multiple organizations or
customers.
 It does this by assigning a logical name to a physical resource and
providing a pointer to that physical resource when demanded.
Application Application Application
Operating
System
Operating
System
Operating
System
Virtual Mechine Virtual MechineVirtual Mechine
Virtual Infrastructure
Network and Storage
Virtualized Cloud Model
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Cloud Computing
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
 Service-Oriented Architecture helps to use applications
as a service for other applications regardless the type of
vendor, product or technology.
 It is possible to exchange the data between applications
of different vendors without additional programming or
making changes to services.
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Cloud Computing
Grid Computing
 Grid Computing refers to distributed computing, in which
a group of computers from multiple locations are
connected with each other to achieve a common
objective.
 Grid Computing breaks complex task into smaller pieces,
which are distributed to CPUs that reside within the grid.
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Cloud Computing
Utility Computing
 Utility computing is based on Pay-per-Use model.
 It offers computational resources on demand as a metered
service.
 Cloud computing, grid computing, and managed IT services
are based on the concept of utility computing.
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Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing Architecture
Cloud Computing architecture comprises of many cloud components, which are
loosely coupled. We can broadly divide the cloud architecture into two parts:
1. Front End 2.Back End
Each of the ends is connected through a network, usually Internet.
The following diagram shows the graphical view of cloud computing architecture:
Client Infrastructure
Internet
Front End
Application
Security
Management
Service
Cloud Runtime
Storage
Infrastructure
Back End
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Cloud Computing
Front End
 The front end refers to the client part of cloud computing system. It
consists of interfaces and applications that are required to access
the cloud computing platforms, Example - Web Browser.
Back End
 The back End refers to the cloud itself. It consists of all the resources
required to provide cloud computing services.
 It comprises of huge data storage, virtual machines, security
mechanism, services, deployment models, servers, etc.
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Cloud Computing
Note
 It is the responsibility of the back end to provide
built-in security mechanism, traffic control and
protocols.
 The server employs certain protocols known as
middleware, which help the connected devices to
communicate with each other.
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Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing Infrastructure
Cloud infrastructure consists of servers, storage devices,
network, cloud management software, deployment
software, and platform virtualization.
Management Software Deployment Software
Hypervisor
Network Server Storage
Cloud Infrastructure Component
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Cloud Computing
 Hypervisor
 Hypervisor is a firmware or low-level program that acts as a Virtual Machine Manager.
 It allows to share the single physical instance of cloud resources between several tenants.
 Management Software
 It helps to maintain and configure the infrastructure.
 Deployment Software
 It helps to deploy and integrate the application on the cloud.
• Network
 It is the key component of cloud infrastructure. It allows to connect cloud services over
the Internet.
 It is also possible to deliver network as a utility over the Internet, which means, the
customer can customize the network route and protocol.
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Cloud Computing
• Server
The server helps to compute the resource sharing and offers other
services such as resource allocation and de-allocation, monitoring the
resources, providing security etc.
• Storage
Cloud keeps multiple replicas of storage. If one of the storage resources
fails, then it can be extracted from another one, which makes cloud
computing more reliable.
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Cloud Computing
Infrastructural Constraints
Fundamental constraints that cloud infrastructure
should implement are shown in the following diagram:
Transparency Scalability
Security
Intelligent
Monitoring
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Cloud Computing
• Transparency
Virtualization is the key to share resources in cloud environment. But it is
not possible to satisfy the demand with single resource or server.
Therefore, there must be transparency in resources, load balancing and
application, so that we can scale them on demand.
• Intelligent Monitoring
To achieve transparency and scalability, application solution delivery will
need to be capable of intelligent monitoring.
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Cloud Computing
• Scalability
Scaling up an application delivery solution is not that easy as scaling up an
application because it involves configuration overhead or even re-
architecting the network.
So, application delivery solution is need to be scalable which will
require the virtual infrastructure such that resource can be provisioned
and de-provisioned easily.
• Security
The mega data center in the cloud should be securely architected. Also the
control node, an entry point in mega data center, also needs to be secure.
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Cloud Computing
Basic Concepts
There are certain services and models working behind the scene making
the cloud computing feasible and accessible to end users.
Following are the working models for cloud computing:-
 Deployment Models
 Service Models
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Cloud Computing
 Cloud Deployment Models
 Deployment models define the type of access to the
cloud, i.e., how the cloud is located?
 Cloud can have any of the four types of access:
1. Public
2. Private
3. Hybrid
4. Community.
aPublic Cloud Private Cloud
Hybrid Cloud
Community Cloud
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Cloud Computing
Public Cloud Model
Public Cloud allows systems and services to be easily accessible to general
public. The IT companies such as Google, Amazon and Microsoft offer
cloud services via Internet.
Compute
Services
Administrator
Messaging
Services
Application
Services
Platform
Services Storage
Services
User A
User B
User C
User D
Public Cloud Model
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Cloud Computing
Benefits
There are many benefits of deploying cloud as public cloud model.
The following diagram shows some of those benefits:
Benefits
Reliability
Flexibility
Location
Independence
Utility Style
Costing
High Scalability
Cost Effective
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Cloud Computing
• Cost Effective
Since public cloud shares same resources with large number of customers
it turns out inexpensive.
• Reliability
The public cloud employs large number of resources from different
locations. If any of the resources fails, public cloud can employ another
one.
• Flexibility
The public cloud can smoothly integrate with private cloud, which gives
customers a flexible approach.
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Cloud Computing
• Location Independence
Public cloud services are delivered through Internet, ensuring location
independence.
• Utility Style Costing
Public cloud is also based on pay-per-use model and resources are
accessible whenever customer needs them.
• High Scalability
Cloud resources are made available on demand from a pool of
resources, i.e., they can be scaled up or down according the
requirement.
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Cloud Computing
Disadvantages
Here are some disadvantages of public cloud model:
• Low Security
In public cloud model, data is hosted off-site and resources are shared
publicly, therefore does not ensure higher level of security.
• Less Customizable
It is comparatively less customizable than private cloud.
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Cloud Computing
Private Cloud Model
 Private Cloud allows systems and services to be accessible within an
organization.
 The Private Cloud is operated only within a single organization.
However, it may be managed internally by the organization itself or by
third-party.
Your Application
Your Information
Enterprise IT Resources
Cloud Operating System
Cloud Internetwork
Enterprize Infrastructure
Network-server-storage
Provider Infrastructure
Network-server-storage
Private Cloud Model
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Cloud Computing
 Benefits
There are many benefits of deploying cloud as private cloud model.
Higher Security and
Privacy
More Control
Cost and energy
efficiency
Improved reliability
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Cloud Computing
• High Security and Privacy
Private cloud operations are not available to general public and resources are shared
from distinct pool of resources. Therefore, it ensures high security and privacy.
• More Control
The private cloud has more control on its resources and hardware than public cloud
because it is accessed only within an organization.
• Cost and Energy Efficiency
The private cloud resources are not as cost effective as resources in public clouds but
they offer more efficiency than public cloud resources.
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Cloud Computing
Disadvantages
Here are the disadvantages of using private cloud model:
• Restricted Area of Operation
The private cloud is only accessible locally and is very difficult to deploy globally.
• High Priced
Purchasing new hardware in order to fulfill the demand is a costly transaction.
• Limited Scalability
The private cloud can be scaled only within capacity of internal hosted resources.
• Additional Skills
In order to maintain cloud deployment, organization requires skilled expertise.
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Cloud Computing
Hybrid Cloud Model
Hybrid Cloud is a mixture of public and private cloud. Non-critical
activities are performed using public cloud while the critical activities
are performed using private cloud.
Private/Internal
Hybrid
Public/
external
The Cloud
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Cloud Computing
Benefits
There are many benefits of deploying cloud as hybrid cloud
model.
Scalability Security
Cost Efficiency Flexibility
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Cloud Computing
• Scalability
It offers features of both, the public cloud scalability and the private cloud
scalability.
• Flexibility
It offers secure resources and scalable public resources.
• Cost Efficiency
Public clouds are more cost effective than private ones. Therefore, hybrid clouds
can be cost saving.
• Security
The private cloud in hybrid cloud ensures higher degree of security.
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Cloud Computing
Disadvantages
Here are the disadvantages of using hybrid cloud model:
• Networking Issues
Networking becomes complex due to presence of private and public cloud.
• Security Compliance
It is necessary to ensure that cloud services are compliant with security policies of the
organization.
• Infrastructure Dependency
The hybrid cloud model is dependent on internal IT infrastructure, therefore it is
necessary to ensure redundancy across data centers.
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Cloud Computing
Community Cloud Model
 Community Cloud allows system and services to be accessible by group of
organizations.
 It shares the infrastructure between several organizations from a specific
community.
 It may be managed internally
by organizations or by the third-party.
Organisation 1 Organisation 2
Community Cloud Model
Users
Cloud Computing 39

Cloud Computing
Benefits
There are many benefits of deploying cloud as community
cloud model.
Cost Effective
Security
Sharing Among
Organisations
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Cloud Computing
• Cost Effective
Community cloud offers same advantages as that of private cloud at low cost.
• Sharing Among Organizations
Community cloud provides an infrastructure to share cloud resources and
capabilities among several organizations.
• Security
The community cloud is comparatively more secure than the public cloud but
less secured than the private cloud.
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Cloud Computing
Issues
 Since all data is located at one place, one must be careful in storing
data in community cloud because it might be accessible to others.
 It is also challenging to allocate responsibilities of governance,
security and cost among organizations.
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Cloud Computing
Cloud Service Models
o Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
o Plateform as a Service (PaaS)
o Software as a service (SaaS)
o Identity as a Service (IDaaS)
o Network as a Service (NaaS)
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Cloud Computing
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Infrastructure-as-a-Service provides access to fundamental resources such as
physical machines, virtual machines, virtual storage, etc.
Apart from these resources, the IaaS also offers:
 Virtual machine disk storage
 Virtual local area network (VLANs)
 Load balancers
 IP addresses
 Software bundles
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Cloud Computing
 Benefits
IaaS allows the cloud provider to freely locate the infrastructure over
the Internet in a cost-effective manner.
Some of the key benefits of IaaS are listed below:
 Full control of the computing resources through administrative
access to VMs.
 Flexible and efficient renting of computer hardware.
 Portability, interoperability with legacy applications.
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Cloud Computing
Issues
IaaS Issues
Compatibility with
Legacy Security
Virtual Mechine
Sparawl
Robustness of VM-
level isolation
Data erase practices
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Cloud Computing
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 Platform-as-a-Service offers the runtime environment for applications.
 It also offers development and deployment tools required to develop applications.
 PaaS has a feature of point-and-click tools that enables non-developers to create
web applications.
 App Engine of Google is example of PaaS offering vendors. Developer may log on
to these websites and use the built-in API to create web-based applications.
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Cloud Computing
Benefits
Following are the benefits of PaaS model:
PaaS Benefits
Lower administrative
overhead
Lower total cost of
ownership
Scalable
solutions
More current
system software
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Cloud Computing
Issues
PaaS Issues
Lack of portability
between PaaS
clouds
Event based
processor
scheduling
Security engineering
of PaaS applications
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Cloud Computing
oPaaS Types
Based on the functions, PaaS can be classified into four types as shown
in the following diagram:
PaaS types
Application
delivery-only
environments
Stand-alone
development
environments
Open
platform as a
service
Add-on
development
facilities
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Cloud Computing
Software as a Service (SaaS)
 Software-as–a-Service (SaaS) model allows to provide software
application as a service to the end users.
 It refers to a software that is deployed on a host service and is accessible
via Internet.
There are several SaaS applications listed below:
 Billing and invoicing system
 Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications
 Help desk applications
 Human Resource (HR) solutions
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Cloud Computing
Benefits
Using SaaS has proved to be beneficial in terms of scalability, efficiency
and performance. Some of the benefits are listed below:
Modest software tools
Efficient use of software licenses
Centralized management and data
Platform responsibilities managed by provider
Multitenant solutions
Issues
Browser based risks
Network dependence
Lack of portability between SaaS clouds
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Cloud Computing
Identity as a Service (IDaaS)
IDaaS offers management of identity information as a digital entity.
This identity can be used during electronic transactions.
Following are the problems that an employee might face:
Remembering different username and password combinations for
accessing multiple servers.
If an employee leaves the company, it is required to ensure that each
account of that user is disabled. This increases workload on IT staff.
 To solve above problems, a new technique emerged which is known
as Identity-as–a-Service (IDaaS).
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Cloud Computing
Benefits
Increased site conversation rates
Access to greater user profile content
Fewer problems with lost passwords
Ease of content integration into social networking sites
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Cloud Computing
Network as a Service (NaaS)
Network-as-a-Service allows us to access to network
infrastructure directly and securely.
 NaaS makes it possible to deploy custom routing protocols.
NaaS uses virtualized network infrastructure to provide network
services to the customer.
It is the responsibility of NaaS provider to maintain and manage
the network resources.
 How NaaS is delivered?
To use NaaS model, the customer is required to logon to
the web portal, where he can get online API.
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NaaS Benefits
NaaS offers a number of benefits as discussed below:
• Independence
Each customer is independent and can segregate the
network.
• Bursting
The customer pays for high-capacity network only on
requirement.
• Resilience
The reliability treatments are available, which can be
applied for critical applications.
Cloud Computing 56

• Analytics
The data protection solutions are available, which can be applied for highly
sensitive applications.
• Ease of Adding New Service Elements
It is very easy to integrate new service elements to the network.
• Support Models
A number of support models are available to reduce operation cost.
• Isolation of Customer Traffic
The customer traffic is logically isolated.
Cloud Computing 57

Cloud Computing

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