Cloud computing term paper
- 1. DATA INTEGRITYAND SECURITY Tunuguntla Hemanth School of Computer Science and Engineering Lovely Professional University ABSTRACT: Cloud Computing is a type of computing that uses hardware and software to deliver a service over Internet. It can be used to access the applications and files from any device across the globe over the internet. In this the information and data are stored in physical and virtual data servers through a service provider like Amazon etc. Data Integrity is one among the foremost concern for the clients because the data that’s stored within the large data centres remains for an extended period of time as long as because the client’s access with completeness, accuracy and Integrity. It refers to the maintaining and assurance and consistency of required data. In general the overall summary of Data Integrity technique is almost same. The data which is recorded which later retrieval ensure that the data should be same as it was originally as recorded. Data Integrity isn’t to be confused with the Data Security, the discipline of protecting the information from the unauthorized parties. If the changes are the results of the unauthorized access, it might be going to be a failure in Data Security. Cloud Security means the protection of valuable information from the hackers, theft, leakage and deletion. These incidents or attacks that affect the services provided to the clients by the service providers such as bank accounts and email accounts etc. INTRODUCTION: In the cloud storage architecture, cloud make it possible to access our information from anywhere at any time. In Cloud Computing there are four Cloud Storages: •Public cloud storage: In publicly cloud storage system, it can access by any subscriber with a web connectivity and access to the cloud space. •Private cloud storage: In privately cloud storage system, it’s established for a selected organizations and limits to access to those organizations. •Hybrid cloud storage: In hybrid cloud storage, it’s combination of the publicly cloud storage system and privately cloud storage system. It means where critical cloud data located in privately cloud while other data is stored and accessed from public cloud. •Mobile cloud storage: In mobile cloud storage, it stores the separate data within the cloud and access it from anywhere at any time. Cloud has become an alternative and advanced way of data storage for organizations for a variety of industries. New organizations are building up their infrastructure on the cloud and many older organizations are moving their infrastructure from traditional to the cloud platform. When we perform various operations in the cloud, we must know that all the operations are being performed on the data.
- 2. CLOUD ARCHITECTURE: The main goal of the Cloud Computing is to have high performance computing power which is used in research facilities generally. It is to perform millions and trillions of computations in fraction of seconds which is mostly required by the consumer. The hardware layer: This layer is responsible for maintaining the physical resources of the cloud which comprises of switches, physical server, routers, cooling system etc. The infrastructure layer: Also called the virtualization layer. It creates a pool like environment for the devices which works as a storage and are useful for computational services by dividing the resources into parts. Because it contains a key role within the cloud computing and many of its attributes works as dynamic resource assignment. The application layer: With in the hierarchy of the cloud architecture this layer is at the highest level. It comprises of the layers with the particular cloud applications. In this paper the focus on Data Integrity and Security which are exposing to risk within the cloud storage services and provided the information redundancy and data dependability by using Homomorphic Encryption. In this Homomorphic Encryption the security analysis also depicts us the suggested model is highly efficient against the malicious attacks, theft and leakage etc. It is to achieve storage correctness and the error localization. Cloud computing saves the time and money of the organisation or the company. But trusting it is more important because the data is the most important thing for the organisation. Because the data that they share in the cloud is directly into the database or through an application HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION: It is a new type of Encryption that requires a secret key to decrypt. This computes on encrypted data without decryption. No one sees results without a secret key. In this a cryptographic algorithm is explained for a brief idea on the secure communication and how it works. For more efficiency and for very thick layered security there are many techniques that combines but this is helps in establishing a secure connection. Example: If you want to keep your DNA data secret, but you still want to use some services, let’s
- 3. say to find your relatives like you can just upload the encrypted version of your DNA to the database and they provide matching services for you and return the results. Even you have relative or not you get some result encrypted back. Only you can see the result. All the data is encrypted, and the service provider does not know nothing about it. Real lifetime applications of these is I-Dash application etc. These focus text on Genomic data. Explanation on Homomorphic Encryption: There are two zones which requires a safe zone. Outside of the safe zone all the data should be encrypted. The encryption doesn’t have to be done by yourself because there is public key encryption that use a public key. Even the results outside the safe zone are encrypted. Popular Schemes: TFHE: It is one of the most efficient schemes now a days. It focuses on logic gates and bits. It is like redesigning logic circuit. BGV, BFV: They perform exact arithmetic vectors of numbers. Five Stages in Homomorphic Encryption: 1. Setup 2. Key Generation 3. Encryption 4. Evaluation 5. Decryption Set-Up: In the setup we need to choose the scheme and some security parameters and performance parameters functionality. Key Generation: After setting up the parameters we can do the key generation and here the secret key is the one that we need to protect. And the other three are generated from the secret key and they all are considered to be public. So we can these keys to anyone and they can never compromise your data. These are required for computation and the public key is used for encryption and decryption as well. Encryption: It is a high-level view where we encrypt vector of numbers. Many of it becomes Ciphertext which becomes two polynomials. Evaluation: It is the stage where we really write a program. Like if there is a algorithm in the HE. We can write it down in HE and happens in evaluation. It is just a computation on a secure data. Decryption: After the computation is done, we decrypt the data. SIMD Computation: A single instruction multiple datum, when you issue a single instruction or operation it applies to all the data independently. It is called as a single instruction multiple data. We use that with homomorphic Encryption. NOTATIONS PRELIMINARIES: f - The information file to be stored. A - The dispersal matrix, which indicates a collection n= m + k vectors.
- 4. G - The encoded file matrix. f key(.) – function ver - A version number Let F = (F1, F2, F3, …. Fm) and Fi = (f1i, f2i…... fli) T ( I ∈ {1, . . . , m}). Here T denotes that every Fi is represented as a column vector, and data vector size denoted l in blocks. Of these blocks are elements of GF (2p). The systematic layout with parity vectors is achieved with the data dispersal matrix A, derived from a matrix derived from a β2m- 1 … βmm-1 … βm+1m-1 βnm-1 where βj (j ∈ {1, . . ., n}) are same elements that are chosen randomly from GF (2p). After a series of basic row transformations then the matrix is often written as: 1 0 . . . 0 P11 P12 . . .P1k 0 1 . . . 0 P21 P22 . . . Pmk A = 0 0 . . . 1 Pm1 Pm2 . . . Pmk By multiplying F by A, the user obtains the encoded file is: G = F.A = (G (1), G(2),..., G(m), G(m+1), . . ., G(n)) = (F1, F2, . . ., Fm, G(m+1), . . ., G(n)), Where G(j) = (g1(j), g2(j), . . ., gl(j)) T (j ∈ {1..., n}). It is noticed and also the multiplication then reproduces the information file vectors of F and also the remaining part (G(m+1), . . ., G(n)) are k parity vectors generated which are supported on F. Algorithm 1 Token Precomputation 1: procedure 2: Select parameters l, n and performance f, φ; 3: Select the amount t of tokens; 4: Select the amount r of index per confirmation; 5: produce pass key Kprp and challenge key kchal; 6: for the vectors G(j), j ← 1, n, do 7: for round i← 1, t d 8: Derive αi = fkchal and kprp from Kprp 9: compute 10 ends for 11: end for 12: store all the vis locally 13: end procedure. FUTURE WORK: Cloud Computing is in continual development, while people are enjoying the numerous benefits that cloud computing brings, security in clouds may be a key challenge. • Much vulnerability in clouds still exists and hackers still proceed to exploit these security holes. • During this paper I have examined that the security and safety vulnerabilities in clouds from three perspectives), included related real-world exploits, and introduced countermeasures to those security breaches. • Within the future, further efforts in studying cloud security risks and also the countermeasures to cloud security breaches must continue. CONCLUSION: In this paper, I have examined the issues and concern with security in cloud computing. As we rely on erasing and correcting the code in the file that support the redundancy of the vectors using the Homomorphic Encryption. The fact is that the security and the privacy suggest that the student’s intention to use the cloud services positively related to their privacy perception. REFERENCES:
- 5. 1. Book By: K. D. Bowers, A. Jules, and A. Opera, “High-availability & Integrity for Cloud Storage” 2. Algorithm from academia- Research on Cloud Computing. 3. From You Tube (https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=SEBdYXxijSo).