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Cloud Computing
Theory and Practice
THIRD EDITION
Dan C. Marinescu
Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando,
FL, United States

Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Preface to third edition
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1. Cloud computing, an old idea whose time has come
1.2. Energy use and ecological impact of cloud computing
1.3. Ethical issues in cloud computing
1.4. Factors affecting cloud service availability
1.5. Network-centric computing and network-centric content

Literature
Chapter 2: The cloud ecosystem
2.1. Cloud computing delivery models and services
2.2. Amazon Web Services
2.3. Google Clouds
2.4. Microsoft Windows Azure and online services
2.5. IBM clouds
2.6. Cloud storage diversity and vendor lock-in
2.7. Cloud interoperability
2.8. Service-level Agreements and Compliance-level
Agreements
2.9. Responsibility sharing between user and service provider
2.10. User challenges and experience
2.11. Software licensing
2.12. Challenges faced by cloud computing
2.13. Cloud computing as a disruptive technology
2.14. Exercises and problems
Literature
Chapter 3: Parallel processing and distributed computing

3.1. Computer architecture concepts
3.2. Grand architectural complications
3.3. ARM architecture
3.4. SIMD architectures
3.5. Graphics processing units
3.6. Tensor processing units
3.7. Systems on a chip
3.8. Data, thread-level, and task-level parallelism
3.9. Speedup, Amdhal's law, and scaled speedup
3.10. Multicore processor speedup
3.11. From supercomputers to distributed systems
3.12. Modularity. Soft modularity versus enforced modularity
3.13. Layering and hierarchy
3.14. Peer-to-peer systems
3.15. Large-scale systems
3.16. Composability bounds and scalability (R)
3.17. Distributed computing fallacies and the CAP theorem
3.18. Blockchain technology and applications
3.19. History notes and further readings

Literature
Chapter 4: Cloud hardware and software
4.1. Cloud infrastructure challenges
4.2. Cloud hardware; warehouse-scale computer (WSC)
4.3. WSC performance
4.4. Hypervisors
4.5. Execution of coarse-grained data-parallel applications
4.6. Fine-grained cluster resource sharing in Mesos
4.7. Cluster management with Borg
4.8. Evolution of a cluster management system
4.9. Shared state cluster management
4.10. QoS-aware cluster management
4.11. Resource isolation
4.12. In-memory cluster computing for Big Data
4.13. Containers; Docker containers
4.14. Kubernetes
4.15. Further readings
Literature

Chapter 5: Cloud resource virtualization
5.1. Resource virtualization
5.2. Performance and security isolation in computer clouds
5.3. Virtual machines
5.4. Full virtualization and paravirtualization
5.5. Hardware support for virtualization
5.6. QEMU
5.7. Kernel-based Virtual Machine
5.8. Xen—a hypervisor based on paravirtualization
5.9. Optimization of network virtualization in Xen 2.0
5.10. Nested virtualization
5.11. A trusted kernel-based virtual machine for ARMv8
5.12. Paravirtualization of Itanium architecture
5.13. A performance comparison of virtual machines
5.14. Open-source software platforms for private clouds
5.15. The darker side of virtualization
5.16. Virtualization software
Literature

Chapter 6: Cloud access and cloud interconnection networks
6.1. Packet-switched networks and the Internet
6.2. Internet evolution
6.3. TCP congestion control
6.4. Content-centric networks; named data networks (R)
6.5. Software-defined networks; SD-WAN
6.6. Interconnection networks for computer clouds
6.7. Multistage interconnection networks
6.8. InfiniBand and Myrinet
6.9. Storage area networks and the Fibre Channel
6.10. Scalable data center communication architectures
6.11. Network resource management algorithms (R)
6.12. Content delivery networks
6.13. Vehicular ad hoc networks
Literature
Chapter 7: Cloud data storage
7.1. Dynamic random access memories and hard disk drives

7.2. Solid-state disks
7.3. Storage models, file systems, and databases
7.4. Distributed file systems; the precursors
7.5. General parallel file system
7.6. Google file system
7.7. Locks; Chubby—a locking service
7.8. RDBMS—cloud mismatch
7.9. NoSQL databases
7.10. Data storage for online transaction processing systems
7.11. BigTable
7.12. Megastore
7.13. Storage reliability at scale
7.14. Disk locality versus data locality in computer clouds
7.15. Database provenance
Literature
Chapter 8: Cloud security
8.1. Security—the top concern for cloud users

8.2. Cloud security risks
8.3. Security as a service (SecaaS)
8.4. Privacy and privacy impact assessment
8.5. Trust
8.6. Cloud data encryption
8.7. Security of database services
8.8. Operating system security
8.9. Virtual machine security
8.10. Security of virtualization
8.11. Security risks posed by shared images
8.12. Security risks posed by a management OS
8.13. Xoar—breaking the monolithic design of the TCB
8.14. Mobile devices and cloud security
8.15. Mitigating cloud vulnerabilities in the age of ransomware
8.16. AWS security
Literature
Chapter 9: Cloud resource management and scheduling

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9.1. Policies and mechanisms for resource management
9.2. Scheduling algorithms for computer clouds
9.3. Delay scheduling (R)
9.4. Data-aware scheduling (R)
9.5. Apache capacity scheduler
9.6. Start-time fair queuing (R)
9.7. Borrowed virtual time (R)
9.8. Cloud scheduling subject to deadlines (R)
9.9. MapReduce application scheduling subject to deadlines (R)
9.10. Resource bundling; combinatorial auctions for cloud
resources
9.11. Cloud resource utilization and energy efficiency
9.12. Resource management and dynamic application scaling
9.13. Control theory and optimal resource management (R)
9.14. Stability of two-level resource allocation strategy (R)
9.15. Feedback control based on dynamic thresholds (R)
9.16. Coordination of autonomic performance managers (R)
9.17. A utility model for cloud-based web services (R)
9.18. Cloud self-organization
9.19. Cloud interoperability

Literature
Chapter 10: Concurrency and cloud computing
10.1. Enduring challenges
10.2. Communication and concurrency
10.3. Computational models; communicating sequential
processes
10.4. The bulk synchronous parallel model
10.5. A model for multicore computing
10.6. Modeling concurrency with Petri nets
10.7. Process state; global state of a process or thread group
10.8. Communication protocols and process coordination
10.9. Communication, logical clocks, and message delivery
rules
10.10. Runs and cuts; causal history
10.11. Threads and activity coordination
10.12. Critical sections, locks, deadlocks, and atomic actions
10.13. Consensus protocols
10.14. Load balancing

10.15. Multithreading in Java; FlumeJava; Apache Crunch
Literature
Chapter 11: Cloud applications
11.1. Cloud application development and architectural styles
11.2. Coordination of multiple activities
11.3. Workflow patterns
11.4. Coordination based on a state machine model—zookeeper
11.5. MapReduce programming model
11.6. Case study: the GrepTheWeb application
11.7. Hadoop, Yarn, and Tez
11.8. SQL on Hadoop: Pig, Hive, and Impala
11.9. Current cloud applications and new applications
opportunities
11.10. Clouds for science and engineering
11.11. Cloud computing and biology research
11.12. Social computing, digital content, and cloud computing
11.13. Software fault isolation

Literature
Chapter 12: Big Data, data streaming, and the mobile cloud
12.1. Big Data
12.2. Data warehouses and Google databases for Big Data
12.3. Dynamic data-driven applications
12.4. Data streaming
12.5. A dataflow model for data streaming
12.6. Joining multiple data streams
12.7. Mobile computing and applications
12.8. Energy efficiency of mobile computing
12.9. Alternative mobile cloud computing models
12.10. System availability at scale (R)
12.11. Scale and latency (R)
12.12. Edge computing and Markov decision processes (R)
12.13. Bootstrapping techniques for data analytics (R)
12.14. Approximate query processing (R)

Literature
Chapter 13: Emerging clouds
13.1. A short-term forecast
13.2. Machine learning on clouds
13.3. Quantum computing on clouds
13.4. Vehicular clouds
13.5. Final thoughts
Literature
Appendix A: Cloud projects
A.1. Cloud simulation of a distributed trust algorithm
A.2. A trust management service
A.3. Simulation of traffic management in a smart city
A.4. A cloud service for adaptive data streaming
A.5. Optimal FPGA synthesis
A.6. Tensor network contraction on AWS
A.7. A simulation study of machine-learning scalability
A.8. Cloud-based task alert application
A.9. Cloud-based health-monitoring application
Literature

Appendix B: Cloud application development
B.1. AWS EC2 instances
B.2. Connecting clients to cloud instances through firewalls
B.3. Security rules for application- and transport-layer protocols
in EC2
B.4. How to launch an EC2 Linux instance and connect to it
B.5. How to use S3 in Java
B.6. How to manage AWS SQS services in C#
B.7. How to install SNS on Ubuntu 10.04
B.8. How to create an EC2 placement group and use MPI
B.9. StarCluster—a cluster computing toolkit for EC2
B.10. An alternative setting of an MPI virtual cluster
B.11. How to install hadoop on eclipse on a windows system
B.12. Exercises and problems
Literature
Literature
Literature
Glossary
Index

Copyright
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MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. and is used with
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Dedication
To Vera Rae and Luke Bell

Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content

I
CHAPTER XXVIII
I GO IN QUEST OF MY INHERITANCE
MADE what change I could in my appearance; and blithe was I to look in
the glass and find the beggarman a thing of the past, and David Balfour
come to life again. And yet I was ashamed of the change too, and, above
all, of the borrowed clothes. When I had done, Mr. Rankeillor caught me on
the stair, made me his compliments, and had me again into the cabinet.
“Sit ye down, Mr. David,” said he, “and now that you are looking a little
more like yourself, let me see if I can find you any news. You will be
wondering, no doubt, about your father and your uncle? To be sure it is a
singular tale; and the explanation is one that I blush to have to offer you.
For,” says he, really with embarrassment, “the matter hinges on a love
affair.”
“Truly,” said I, “I cannot very well join that notion with my uncle.”
“But your uncle, Mr. David, was not always old,” replied the lawyer,
“and what may perhaps surprise you more, not always ugly. He had a fine,
gallant air; people stood in their doors to look after him, as he went by upon
a mettle horse. I have seen it with these eyes, and I ingenuously confess, not
altogether without envy; for I was a plain lad myself and a plain man’s son;
and in those days it was a case of Odi te, qui bellus es, Sabelle.”
“It sounds like a dream,” said I.
“Ay, ay,” said the lawyer, “that is how it is with youth and age. Nor was
that all, but he had a spirit of his own that seemed to promise great things in
the future. In 1715, what must he do but run away to join the rebels? It was
your father that pursued him, found him in a ditch, and brought him back
multum gementem; to the mirth of the whole country. However, majora
canamus—the two lads fell in love, and that with the same lady. Mr.
Ebenezer, who was the admired and the beloved, and the spoiled one, made,
no doubt, mighty certain of the victory; and when he found he had deceived
himself, screamed like a peacock. The whole country heard of it; now he
lay sick at home, with his silly family standing round the bed in tears; now

he rode from public-house to public-house, and shouted his sorrows into the
lug of Tom, Dick, and Harry. Your father, Mr. David, was a kind gentleman;
but he was weak, dolefully weak; took all this folly with a long
countenance; and one day—by your leave!—resigned the lady. She was no
such fool, however; it’s from her you must inherit your excellent good
sense; and she refused to be bandied from one to another. Both got upon
their knees to her; and the upshot of the matter for that while was that she
showed both of them the door. That was in August; dear me! the same year I
came from college. The scene must have been highly farcical.”
I thought myself it was a silly business, but I could not forget my father
had a hand in it. “Surely, sir, it had some note of tragedy,” said I.
“Why, no, sir, not at all,” returned the lawyer. “For tragedy implies some
ponderable matter in dispute, some dignus vindice nodus; and this piece of
work was all about the petulance of a young ass that had been spoiled, and
wanted nothing so much as to be tied up and soundly belted. However, that
was not your father’s view; and the end of it was, that from concession to
concession on your father’s part, and from one height to another of
squalling, sentimental selfishness upon your uncle’s, they came at last to
drive a sort of bargain, from whose ill results you have recently been
smarting. The one man took the lady, the other the estate. Now, Mr. David,
they talk a great deal of charity and generosity; but in this disputable state
of life, I often think the happiest consequences seem to flow when a
gentleman consults his lawyer, and takes all the law allows him. Anyhow,
this piece of Quixotry on your father’s part, as it was unjust in itself, has
brought forth a monstrous family of injustices. Your father and mother lived
and died poor folk; you were poorly reared; and in the meanwhile, what a
time it has been for the tenants on the estate of Shaws! And I might add (if
it was a matter I cared much about) what a time for Mr. Ebenezer!”
“And yet that is certainly the strangest part of all,” said I, “that a man’s
nature should thus change.”
“True,” said Mr. Rankeillor. “And yet I imagine it was natural enough.
He could not think that he had played a handsome part. Those who knew
the story gave him the cold shoulder; those who knew it not, seeing one
brother disappear, and the other succeed in the estate, raised a cry of
murder; so that upon all sides he found himself evited. Money was all he
got by his bargain; well, he came to think the more of money. He was

selfish when he was young, he is selfish now that he is old; and the latter
end of all these pretty manners and fine feelings you have seen for
yourself.”
“Well, sir,” said I, “and in all this, what is my position?”
“The estate is yours beyond a doubt,” replied the lawyer. “It matters
nothing what your father signed, you are the heir of entail. But your uncle is
a man to fight the indefensible; and it would be likely your identity that he
would call in question. A lawsuit is always expensive, and a family lawsuit
always scandalous; besides which, if any of your doings with your friend
Mr. Thomson were to come out, we might find that we had burned our
fingers. The kidnapping, to be sure, would be a court card upon our side, if
we could only prove it. But it may be difficult to prove; and my advice
(upon the whole) is to make a very easy bargain with your uncle, perhaps
even leaving him at Shaws where he has taken root for a quarter of a
century, and contenting yourself in the meanwhile with a fair provision.”
I told him I was very willing to be easy, and that to carry family
concerns before the public was a step from which I was naturally much
averse. In the meantime (thinking to myself) I began to see the outlines of
that scheme on which we afterwards acted.
“The great affair,” I asked, “is to bring home to him the kidnapping?”
“Surely,” said Mr. Rankeillor, “and if possible, out of court. For mark
you here, Mr. David: we could no doubt find some men of the Covenant
who would swear to your reclusion; but once they were in the box, we
could no longer check their testimony, and some word of your friend Mr.
Thomson must certainly crop out. Which (from what you have let fall) I
cannot think to be desirable.”
“Well, sir,” said I, “here is my way of it.” And I opened my plot to him.
“But this would seem to involve my meeting the man Thomson?” says
he, when I had done.
“I think so, indeed, sir,” said I.
“Dear doctor!” cries he, rubbing his brow. “Dear doctor! No, Mr. David,
I am afraid your scheme is inadmissible. I say nothing against your friend,
Mr. Thomson: I know nothing against him; and if I did—mark this, Mr.
David!—it would be my duty to lay hands on him. Now I put it to you: is it
wise to meet? He may have matters to his charge. He may not have told you
all. His name may not be even Thomson!” cries the lawyer, twinkling; “for

some of these fellows will pick up names by the roadside as another would
gather haws.”
“You must be the judge, sir,” said I.
But it was clear my plan had taken hold upon his fancy, for he kept
musing to himself till we were called to dinner and the company of Mrs.
Rankeillor; and that lady had scarce left us again to ourselves and a bottle
of wine, ere he was back harping on my proposal. When and where was I to
meet my friend Mr. Thomson; was I sure of Mr. T.’s discretion; supposing
we could catch the old fox tripping, would I consent to such and such a
term of an agreement—these and the like questions he kept asking at long
intervals, while he thoughtfully rolled his wine upon his tongue. When I had
answered all of them, seemingly to his contentment, he fell into a still
deeper muse, even the claret being now forgotten. Then he got a sheet of
paper and a pencil, and set to work writing and weighing every word; and at
last touched a bell and had his clerk into the chamber.
“Torrance,” said he, “I must have this written out fair against to-night;
and when it is done, you will be so kind as put on your hat and be ready to
come along with this gentleman and me, for you will probably be wanted as
a witness.”
“What, sir,” cried I, as soon as the clerk was gone, “are you to venture
it?”
“Why, so it would appear,” says he, filling his glass. “But let us speak no
more of business. The very sight of Torrance brings in my head a little droll
matter of some years ago, when I had made a tryst with the poor oaf at the
cross of Edinburgh. Each had gone his proper errand; and when it came four
o’clock, Torrance had been taking a glass and did not know his master, and
I, who had forgot my spectacles, was so blind without them, that I give you
my word I did not know my own clerk.” And thereupon he laughed heartily.
I said it was an odd chance, and smiled out of politeness; but what held
me all the afternoon in wonder, he kept returning and dwelling on this story,
and telling it again with fresh details and laughter; so that I began at last to
be quite put out of countenance and feel ashamed for my friend’s folly.
Towards the time I had appointed with Alan, we set out from the house,
Mr. Rankeillor and I arm in arm, and Torrance following behind with the
deed in his pocket and a covered basket in his hand. All through the town,
the lawyer was bowing right and left, and continually being buttonholed by

gentlemen on matters of burgh or private business; and I could see he was
one greatly looked up to in the county. At last we were clear of the houses,
and began to go along the side of the haven and towards the Hawes Inn and
the Ferry pier, the scene of my misfortune. I could not look upon the place
without emotion, recalling how many that had been there with me that day
were now no more: Ransome taken, I could hope, from the evil to come;
Shuan passed where I dared not follow him; and the poor souls that had
gone down with the brig in her last plunge. All these, and the brig herself, I
had outlived; and come through these hardships and fearful perils without
scath. My only thought should have been of gratitude; and yet I could not
behold the place without sorrow for others and a chill of recollected fear.
I was so thinking when, upon a sudden, Mr. Rankeillor cried out,
clapped his hand to his pockets, and began to laugh.
“Why,” he cries, “if this be not a farcical adventure! After all that I said,
I have forgot my glasses!”
At that, of course, I understood the purpose of his anecdote, and knew
that if he had left his spectacles at home, it had been done on purpose, so
that he might have the benefit of Alan’s help without the awkwardness of
recognising him. And indeed it was well thought upon; for now (suppose
things to go the very worst) how could Rankeillor swear to my friend’s
identity, or how be made to bear damaging evidence against myself? For all
that, he had been a long while of finding out his want, and had spoken to
and recognised a good few persons as we came through the town; and I had
little doubt myself that he saw reasonably well.
As soon as we were past the Hawes (where I recognised the landlord
smoking his pipe in the door, and was amazed to see him look no older) Mr.
Rankeillor changed the order of march, walking behind with Torrance and
sending me forward in the manner of a scout. I went up the hill, whistling
from time to time my Gaelic air; and at length I had the pleasure to hear it
answered and to see Alan rise from behind a bush. He was somewhat
dashed in spirits, having passed a long day alone skulking in the county, and
made but a poor meal in an alehouse near Dundas. But at the mere sight of
my clothes, he began to brighten up; and as soon as I had told him in what a
forward state our matters were and the part I looked to him to play in what
remained, he sprang into a new man.

“And that is a very good notion of yours,” says he; “and I dare to say
that you could lay your hands upon no better man to put it through than
Alan Breck. It is not a thing (mark ye) that any one could do, but takes a
gentleman of penetration. But it sticks in my head your lawyerman will be
somewhat wearying to see me,” says Alan.
Accordingly I cried and waved on Mr. Rankeillor, who came up alone
and was presented to my friend, Mr. Thomson.
“Mr. Thomson, I am pleased to meet you,” said he. “But I have forgotten
my glasses; and our friend, Mr. David here” (clapping me on the shoulder),
“will tell you that I am little better than blind, and that you must not be
surprised if I pass you by to-morrow.”
This he said, thinking that Alan would be pleased; but the
Highlandman’s vanity was ready to startle at a less matter than that.
“Why, sir,” says he, stiffly, “I would say it mattered the less as we are
met here for a particular end, to see justice done to Mr. Balfour; and by
what I can see, not very likely to have much else in common. But I accept
your apology, which was a very proper one to make.”
“And that is more than I could look for, Mr. Thomson,” said Rankeillor,
heartily. “And now as you and I are the chief actors in this enterprise, I
think we should come into a nice agreement; to which end, I propose that
you should lend me your arm, for (what with the dusk and the want of my
glasses) I am not very clear as to the path; and as for you, Mr. David, you
will find Torrance a pleasant kind of body to speak with. Only let me
remind you, it’s quite needless he should hear more of your adventures or
those of—ahem—Mr. Thomson.”
Accordingly these two went on ahead in very close talk, and Torrance
and I brought up the rear.
Night was quite come when we came in view of the house of Shaws. Ten
had been gone some time; it was dark and mild, with a pleasant, rustling
wind in the south-west that covered the sound of our approach; and as we
drew near we saw no glimmer of light in any portion of the building. It
seemed my uncle was already in bed, which was indeed the best thing for
our arrangements. We made our last whispered consultations some fifty
yards away; and then the lawyer and Torrance and I crept quietly up and
crouched down beside the corner of the house; and as soon as we were in

our places, Alan strode to the door without concealment and began to
knock.

F
CHAPTER XXIX
I COME INTO MY KINGDOM
OR some time Alan volleyed upon the door, and his knocking only
roused the echoes of the house and neighbourhood. At last, however, I
could hear the noise of a window gently thrust up, and knew that my
uncle had come to his observatory. By what light there was, he would see
Alan standing, like a dark shadow, on the steps; the three witnesses were
hidden quite out of his view; so that there was nothing to alarm an honest
man in his own house. For all that, he studied his visitor awhile in silence,
and when he spoke his voice had a quaver of misgiving.
“What’s this?” says he. “This is nae kind of time of night for decent folk;
and I hae nae trokings[34] wi’ nighthawks. What brings ye here? I have a
blunderbush.”
“Is that yoursel’, Mr. Balfour?” returned Alan, stepping back and looking
up into the darkness. “Have a care of that blunderbuss; they’re nasty things
to burst.”
“What brings ye here? and whae are ye?” says my uncle, angrily.
“I have no manner of inclination to rowt out my name to the country-
side,” said Alan; “but what brings me here is another story, being more of
your affair than mine; and if ye’re sure it’s what ye would like, I’ll set it to a
tune and sing it to you.”
“And what is’t?” asked my uncle.
“David,” says Alan.
“What was that?” cried my uncle, in a mighty changed voice.
“Shall I give ye the rest of the name, then?” said Alan.
There was a pause; and then, “I’m thinking I’ll better let ye in,” says my
uncle, doubtfully.
“I dare say that,” said Alan; “but the point is, Would I go? Now I will tell
you what I am thinking. I am thinking that it is here upon this doorstep that
we must confer upon this business; and it shall be here or nowhere at all

whatever; for I would have you to understand that I am as stiffnecked as
yoursel’, and a gentleman of better family.”
This change of note disconcerted Ebenezer; he was a little while
digesting it, and then says he, “Weel, weel, what must be must,” and shut
the window. But it took him a long time to get down-stairs, and a still
longer to undo the fastenings, repenting (I dare say) and taken with fresh
claps of fear at every second step and every bolt and bar. At last, however,
we heard the creak of the hinges, and it seems my uncle slipped gingerly
out and (seeing that Alan had stepped back a pace or two) sate him down on
the top doorstep with the blunderbuss ready in his hands.
“And now,” says he, “mind I have my blunderbush, and if ye take a step
nearer ye’re as good as deid.”
“And a very civil speech,” says Alan, “to be sure.”
“Na,” says my uncle, “but this is no a very chancy kind of a proceeding,
and I’m bound to be prepared. And now that we understand each other, ye’ll
can name your business.”
“Why,” says Alan, “you that are a man of so much understanding, will
doubtless have perceived that I am a Hieland gentleman. My name has nae
business in my story; but the county of my friends is no very far from the
Isle of Mull, of which ye will have heard. It seems there was a ship lost in
those parts; and the next day a gentleman of my family was seeking wreck-
wood for his fire along the sands, when he came upon a lad that was half
drowned. Well, he brought him to; and he and some other gentleman took
and clapped him in an auld, ruined castle, where from that day to this he has
been a great expense to my friends. My friends are a wee wild-like, and not
so particular about the law as some that I could name; and finding that the
lad owned some decent folk, and was your born nephew, Mr. Balfour, they
asked me to give ye a bit call and confer upon the matter. And I may tell ye
at the off-go, unless we can agree upon some terms, ye are little likely to set
eyes upon him. For my friends,” added Alan, simply, “are no very well off.”
My uncle cleared his throat. “I’m no very caring,” says he. “He wasnae a
good lad at the best of it, and I’ve nae call to interfere.”
“Ay, ay,” said Alan, “I see what ye would be at: pretending ye don’t care,
to make the ransom smaller.”
“Na,” said my uncle, “it’s the mere truth. I take nae manner of interest in
the lad, and I’ll pay nae ransome, and ye can make a kirk and a mill of him

for what I care.”
“Hoot, sir,” says Alan. “Blood’s thicker than water, in the deil’s name!
Ye cannae desert your brother’s son for the fair shame of it; and if ye did,
and it came to be kennt, ye wouldnae be very popular in your country-side,
or I’m the more deceived.”
“I’m no just very popular the way it is,” returned Ebenezer; “and I
dinnae see how it would come to be kennt. No by me, onyway; nor yet by
you or your friends. So that’s idle talk, my buckie,” says he.
“Then it’ll have to be David that tells it,” said Alan.
“How that?” says my uncle, sharply.
“Ou, just this way,” says Alan. “My friends would doubtless keep your
nephew as long as there was any likelihood of siller to be made of it, but if
there was nane, I am clearly of opinion they would let him gang where he
pleased, and be damned to him!”
“Ay, but I’m no very caring about that either,” said my uncle. “I
wouldnae be muckle made up with that.”
“I was thinking that,” said Alan.
“And what for why?” asked Ebenezer.
“Why, Mr. Balfour,” replied Alan, “by all that I could hear, there were
two ways of it: either ye liked David and would pay to get him back; or else
ye had very good reasons for not wanting him, and would pay for us to keep
him. It seems it’s not the first; well then, it’s the second; and blythe am I to
ken it, for it should be a pretty penny in my pocket and the pockets of my
friends.”
“I dinnae follow ye there,” said my uncle.
“No?” said Alan. “Well, see here: you dinnae want the lad back; well,
what do ye want done with him, and how much will ye pay?”
My uncle made no answer, but shifted uneasily on his seat.
“Come, sir,” cried Alan. “I would have you to ken that I am a gentleman;
I bear a king’s name; I am nae rider to kick my shanks at your hall door.
Either give me an answer in civility, and that out of hand; or by the top of
Glencoe, I will ram three feet of iron through your vitals.”
“Eh, man,” cried my uncle, scrambling to his feet, “give me a meenit!
What’s like wrong with ye? I’m just a plain man and nae dancing master;
and I’m tryin to be as ceevil as it’s morally possible. As for that wild talk,

it’s fair disrepitable. Vitals, says you! And where would I be with my
blunderbush?” he snarled.
“Powder and your auld hands are but as the snail to the swallow against
the bright steel in the hands of Alan,” said the other. “Before your jottering
finger could find the trigger, the hilt would dirl on your breast-bane.”
“Eh, man, whae’s denying it?” said my uncle. “Pit it as ye please, hae’t
your ain way; I’ll do naething to cross ye. Just tell me what like ye’ll be
wanting, and ye’ll see that we’ll can agree fine.”
“Troth, sir,” said Alan, “I ask for nothing but plain dealing. In two
words: do ye want the lad killed or kept?”
“O, sirs!” cried Ebenezer. “O, sirs, me! that’s no kind of language!”
“Killed or kept!” repeated Alan.
“O, keepit, keepit!” wailed my uncle. “We’ll have nae bloodshed, if you
please.”
“Well,” says Alan, “as ye please; that’ll be the dearer.”
“The dearer?” cries Ebenezer. “Would ye fyle your hands wi’ crime?”
“Hoot!” said Alan, “they’re baith crime, whatever! And the killing’s
easier, and quicker, and surer. Keeping the lad’ll be a fashious[35] job, a
fashious, kittle business.”
“I’ll have him keepit, though,” returned my uncle. “I never had naething
to do with onything morally wrong; and I’m no gaun to begin to pleasure a
wild Hielandman.”
“Ye’re unco scrupulous,” sneered Alan.
“I’m a man o’ principle,” said Ebenezer, simply; “and if I have to pay for
it, I’ll have to pay for it. And besides,” says he, “ye forget the lad’s my
brother’s son.”
“Well, well,” said Alan, “and now about the price. It’s no very easy for
me to set a name upon it; I would first have to ken some small matters. I
would have to ken, for instance, what ye gave Hoseason at the first off-go?”
“Hoseason!” cries my uncle, struck aback. “What for?”
“For kidnapping David,” says Alan.
“It’s a lee, it’s a black lee!” cried my uncle. “He was never kidnapped.
He leed in his throat that tauld ye that. Kidnapped? He never was!”

“That’s no fault of mine nor yet of yours,” said Alan; “nor yet of
Hoseason’s, if he’s a man that can be trusted.”
“What do ye mean?” cried Ebenezer. “Did Hoseason tell ye?”
“Why, ye donnered auld runt, how else would I ken?” cried Alan.
“Hoseason and me are partners; we gang shares; so ye can see for yoursel’
what good ye can do leeing. And I must plainly say ye drove a fool’s
bargain when ye let a man like the sailor-man so far forward in your private
matters. But that’s past praying for; and ye must lie on your bed the way ye
made it. And the point in hand is just this: what did ye pay him?”
“Has he tauld ye himsel’?” asked my uncle.
“That’s my concern,” said Alan.
“Weel,” said my uncle, “I dinnae care what he said, he leed, and the
solemn God’s truth is this, that I gave him twenty pound. But I’ll be
perfec’ly honest with ye: for by that, he was to have the selling of the lad in
Caroliny, whilk would be as muckle mair, but no from my pocket, ye see.”
“Thank you, Mr. Thomson. That will do excellently well,” said the
lawyer, stepping forward; and then mighty civilly, “Good-evening, Mr.
Balfour,” said he.
And, “Good-evening, Uncle Ebenezer,” said I.
And, “It’s a braw nicht, Mr. Balfour,” added Torrance.
Never a word said my uncle, neither black nor white; but just sat where
he was on the top doorstep and stared upon us like a man turned to stone.
Alan filched away his blunderbuss; and the lawyer, taking him by the arm,
plucked him up from the doorstep, led him into the kitchen, whither we all
followed, and set him down in a chair beside the hearth, where the fire was
out and only a rushlight burning.
There we all looked upon him for a while, exulting greatly in our
success, but yet with a sort of pity for the man’s shame.
“Come, come, Mr. Ebenezer,” said the lawyer, “you must not be down-
hearted, for I promise you we shall make easy terms. In the meanwhile give
us the cellar key, and Torrance shall draw us a bottle of your father’s wine
in honour of the event.” Then, turning to me and taking me by the hand,
“Mr. David,” says he, “I wish you all joy in your good fortune, which I
believe to be deserved.” And then to Alan, with a spice of drollery, “Mr.
Thomson, I pay you my compliment; it was most artfully conducted; but in

one point you somewhat outran my comprehension. Do I understand your
name to be James? or Charles? or is it George, perhaps?”
“And why should it be any of the three, sir?” quoth Alan, drawing
himself up, like one who smelt an offence.
“Only, sir, that you mentioned a king’s name,” replied Rankeillor; “and
as there has never yet been a King Thomson, or his fame at least has never
come my way, I judged you must refer to that you had in baptism.”
This was just the stab that Alan would feel keenest, and I am free to
confess he took it very ill. Not a word would he answer, but stepped off to
the far end of the kitchen, and sat down and sulked; and it was not till I
stepped after him, and gave him my hand, and thanked him by title as the
chief spring of my success, that he began to smile a bit, and was at last
prevailed upon to join our party.
By that time we had the fire lighted, and a bottle of wine uncorked; a
good supper came out of the basket, to which Torrance and I and Alan set
ourselves down; while the lawyer and my uncle passed into the next
chamber to consult. They stayed there closeted about an hour; at the end of
which period they had come to a good understanding, and my uncle and I
set our hands to the agreement in a formal manner. By the terms of this, my
uncle bound himself to satisfy Rankeillor as to his intromissions, and to pay
me two clear thirds of the yearly income of Shaws.
So the beggar in the ballad had come home; and when I lay down that
night on the kitchen chests, I was a man of means and had a name in the
country. Alan and Torrance and Rankeillor slept and snored on their hard
beds; but for me who had lain out under heaven and upon dirt and stones, so
many days and nights, and often with an empty belly, and in fear of death,
this good change in my case unmanned me more than any of the former evil
ones; and I lay till dawn, looking at the fire on the roof and planning the
future.

S
CHAPTER XXX
GOOD-BYE
O far as I was concerned myself, I had come to port; but I had still Alan,
to whom I was so much beholden, on my hands; and I felt besides a
heavy charge in the matter of the murder and James of the Glens. On
both these heads I unbosomed to Rankeillor the next morning, walking to
and fro about six of the clock before the house of Shaws, and with nothing
in view but the fields and woods that had been my ancestors’ and were now
mine. Even as I spoke on these grave subjects, my eye would take a glad bit
of a run over the prospect, and my heart jump with pride.
About my clear duty to my friend, the lawyer had no doubt. I must help
him out of the county at whatever risk; but in the case of James, he was of a
different mind.
“Mr. Thomson,” says he, “is one thing, Mr. Thomson’s kinsman quite
another. I know little of the facts, but I gather that a great noble (whom we
will call, if you like, the D. of A.)[36] has some concern and is even
supposed to feel some animosity in the matter. The D. of A. is doubtless an
excellent nobleman; but, Mr. David, timeo qui nocuere deos. If you
interfere to balk his vengeance, you should remember there is one way to
shut your testimony out; and that is to put you in the dock. There, you
would be in the same pickle as Mr. Thomson’s kinsman. You will object
that you are innocent; well, but so is he. And to be tried for your life before
a Highland jury, on a Highland quarrel and with a Highland judge upon the
bench, would be a brief transition to the gallows.”
Now I had made all these reasonings before and found no very good
reply to them; so I put on all the simplicity I could. “In that case, sir,” said I,
“I would just have to be hanged—would I not?”
“My dear boy,” cries he, “go in God’s name, and do what you think is
right. It is a poor thought that at my time of life I should be advising you to
choose the safe and shameful; and I take it back with an apology. Go and do

your duty; and be hanged, if you must, like a gentleman. There are worse
things in the world than to be hanged.”
“Not many, sir,” said I, smiling.
“Why, yes, sir,” he cried, “very many. And it would be ten times better
for your uncle (to go no farther afield) if he were dangling decently upon a
gibbet.”
Thereupon he turned into the house (still in a great fervour of mind, so
that I saw I had pleased him heartily) and there he wrote me two letters,
making his comments on them as he wrote.
“This,” says he, “is to my bankers, the British Linen Company, placing a
credit to your name. Consult Mr. Thomson, he will know of ways; and you,
with this credit,

THE PARTING
For we both knew without a word said that we had come to where our ways
parted
can supply the means. I trust you will be a good husband of your money;
but in the affair of a friend like Mr. Thomson, I would be even prodigal.
Then for his kinsman, there is no better way than that you should seek the
Advocate, tell him your tale, and offer testimony; whether he may take it or
not, is quite another matter, and will turn on the D. of A. Now, that you may
reach the Lord Advocate well recommended, I give you here a letter to a
namesake of your own, the learned Mr. Balfour of Pilrig, a man whom I
esteem. It will look better that you should be presented by one of your own
name; and the laird of Pilrig is much looked up to in the Faculty and stands
well with Lord Advocate Grant. I would not trouble him, if I were you, with
any particulars; and (do you know?) I think it would be needless to refer to

Mr. Thomson. Form yourself upon the laird, he is a good model; when you
deal with the Advocate, be discreet; and in all these matters, may the Lord
guide you, Mr. David!”
Thereupon he took his farewell, and set out with Torrance for the Ferry,
while Alan and I turned our faces for the city of Edinburgh. As we went by
the footpath and beside the gateposts and the unfinished lodge, we kept
looking back at the house of my fathers. It stood there, bare and great and
smokeless, like a place not lived in; only in one of the top windows, there
was the peak of a nightcap bobbing up and down and back and forward, like
the head of a rabbit from a burrow. I had little welcome when I came, and
less kindness while I stayed; but at least I was watched as I went away.
Alan and I went slowly forward upon our way, having little heart either
to walk or speak. The same thought was uppermost in both, that we were
near the time of our parting; and remembrance of all the bygone days sate
upon us sorely. We talked indeed of what should be done; and it was
resolved that Alan should keep to the county, biding now here, now there,
but coming once in the day to a particular place where I might be able to
communicate with him, either in my own person or by messenger. In the
meanwhile, I was to seek out a lawyer, who was an Appin Stewart, and a
man therefore to be wholly trusted; and it should be his part to find a ship
and to arrange for Alan’s safe embarkation. No sooner was this business
done, than the words seemed to leave us; and though I would seek to jest
with Alan under the name of Mr. Thomson, and he with me on my new
clothes and my estate, you could feel very well that we were nearer tears
than laughter.
We came the by-way over the hill of Corstorphine; and when we got
near to the place called Rest-and-be-Thankful, and looked down on
Corstorphine bogs and over to the city and the castle on the hill, we both
stopped, for we both knew without a word said that we had come to where
our ways parted. Here he repeated to me once again what had been agreed
upon between us: the address of the lawyer, the daily hour at which Alan
might be found, and the signals that were to be made by any that came
seeking him. Then I gave what money I had (a guinea or two of
Rankeillor’s) so that he should not starve in the meanwhile; and then we
stood a space, and looked over at Edinburgh in silence.
“Well, good-bye,” said Alan, and held out his left hand.

S
“Good-bye,” said I, and gave the hand a little grasp, and went off down
hill.
Neither one of us looked the other in the face, nor so long as he was in
my view did I take one back glance at the friend I was leaving. But as I
went on my way to the city, I felt so lost and lonesome, that I could have
found it in my heart to sit down by the dyke, and cry and weep like any
baby.
It was coming near noon when I passed in by the West Kirk and the
Grassmarket into the streets of the capital. The huge height of the buildings,
running up to ten and fifteen storeys, the narrow arched entries that
continually vomited passengers, the wares of the merchants in their
windows, the hubbub and endless stir, the foul smells and the fine clothes,
and a hundred other particulars too small to mention, struck me into a kind
of stupor of surprise, so that I let the crowd carry me to and fro; and yet all
the time what I was thinking of was Alan at Rest-and-be-Thankful; and all
the time (although you would think I would not choose but be delighted
with these braws and novelties) there was a cold gnawing in my inside like
a remorse for something wrong.
The hand of Providence brought me in my drifting to the very doors of
the British Linen Company’s bank.
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FOOTNOTES:
[1] Moistens.
[2] Dark as the pit.
[3] Sold up.
[4] Agent.
[5] Unwilling.
[6] Look.
[7] Rope.
[8] Report.
[9] Fox.
[10] Stroke.
[11] Blow.
[12] Befool.
[13] Whig or Whigamore was the cant name for those who were loyal to King
George.
[14] Reaching.
[15] Bungled.
[16] Coble: a small boat used in fishing.
[17] Careful
[18] Duck.
[19] Part.
[20] Bag.
[21] Blame.
[22] Mad.

[23] Blame.
[24] The rallying-word of the Campbells.
[25] Brisk.
[26] A bouman is a tenant who takes stock from the landlord and shares with him
the increase.
[27] Village fair.
[28] Condiment.
[29] A second sermon.
[30] Commercial traveller.
[31] Rumour.
[32] Hollow.
[33] Newly rough-cast.
[34] Dealings.
[35] Troublesome.
[36] The Duke of Argyle.

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