Cloud computing.pptx
- 1. The origin of the term cloud computing is unclear. The expression cloud is commonly used in science to describe a large agglomeration of objects that visually appear from a distance as a cloud and describes any set of things whose details are not inspected further in a given context. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing A Google search of ‘cloud computing’ resulted in 72,500,000 hits (on Oct.3, 2013). Obviously it is one of the hottest buzz words in computing. It is a metaphor for computers connected to the Internet which are usually enclosed in a cloud-like boundary in figures in early power point presentations. V Rajaraman
- 2. One of the first questions asked with the introduction of a new technology is: “When was it invented?” “When was it first mentioned?” “What are the prospects for its future?” are also common. When we think of cloud computing, we think of situations, products and ideas that started in the 21st century. This is not exactly the whole truth. Cloud concepts have existed for many years. March 18, 2014 1:10 pm by Maximilliano Destefani Neto
- 3. Multiple users were capable of accessing a central computer through dumb terminals, whose only function was to provide access to the mainframe. Because of the costs to buy and maintain mainframe computers, it was not practical for an organization to buy and maintain one for every employee. Nor did the typical user need the large (at the time) storage capacity and processing power that a mainframe provided. Providing shared access to a single resource was the solution that made economical sense for this sophisticated piece of technology.
- 4. (Related: Back to the future: Why z/OS mainframe is the ideal cloud platform) After some time, around 1970, the concept of virtual machines (VMs) was created. Using virtualization software like VMware, it became possible to execute one or more operating systems simultaneously in an isolated environment. Complete computers (virtual) could be executed inside one physical hardware which in turn can run a completely different operating system. The VM operating system took the 1950s’ shared access mainframe to the next level, permitting multiple distinct computing environments to reside on one physical environment. Virtualization came to drive the technology, and was an important catalyst in the communication and information evolution.
- 5. In the 1990s, telecommunications companies started offering virtualized private network connections. Historically, telecommunications companies only offered single dedicated point–to-point data connections. The newly offered virtualized private network connections had the same service quality as their dedicated services at a reduced cost. Instead of building out physical infrastructure to allow for more users to have their own connections, telecommunications companies were now able to provide users with shared access to the same physical infrastructure. The following list briefly explains the evolution of cloud computing: • Grid computing: Solving large problems with parallel computing • Utility computing: Offering computing resources as a metered service •SaaS: Network-based subscriptions to applications • Cloud computing: Anytime, anywhere access to IT resources delivered dynamically as a service
- 6. 1959 John McCarthy’s note on the need to time-share computers. 1961 John McCarthy’s talk suggesting that computers should become a utility similar to a telephone service1 . 1966 Douglas Parkhill publishes a book titled Challenges of the Computer Utility 2. 1995 Amazon starts selling books using the World Wide Web. 1999 Salesforce.com provides a software service on the World Wide Web accessible on payment. 1999 Ian Foster and Carl Kesselman publish a book titled “The Grid: Blueprint for a new computing infrastructure and develop Globus tool kit to create a computer grid.
- 7. 2004 Google starts free email service. 2006 Amazon introduces pay for use computing (Amazon Web Services) and Elastic Cloud Computing (EC2). 2006 Google starts offering Google Apps with 2 GB free disk space on their infrastructure. 2010 Microsoft starts providing a cloud service called Azure. 2011 IBM offers smart cloud.
- 8. What is Cloud Computing? Cloud computing provides a variety of computing resources from servers & storage to enterprise applications such as email, security, backup/DR(Cloud Disaster Recovery), voice, all delivered over the Internet. The Cloud delivers a hosting environment that is immediate, flexible, scalable, secure, and available – while saving corporations money, time and resources. Ref: Cloud49
- 9. Cloud Flavors? a. SaaS – Software as a Service b. IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service c. PaaS – Platform as a Service d. DaaS – Desktop as a Service
- 10. Cloud Service Models 10 Software as a Service (SaaS) Platform as a Service (PaaS) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Google App Engine SalesForce CRM LotusLive Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim Grance
- 11. What is Software as a Service? (SaaS) • SaaS is a software delivery methodology that provides licensed multi-tenant access to software and its functions remotely as a Web-based service. Usually billed based on usage Usually multi tenant(renter) environment Highly scalable architecture Scalability: Infrastructure capacity allows for traffic spikes and minimizes delays.
- 13. SaaS Examples
- 14. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) • IaaS is the delivery of technology infrastructure as an on demand scalable service – Usually billed based on usage – Usually multi tenant virtualized environment – Can be coupled with Managed Services for OS and application support
- 15. IaaS Examples
- 16. Platform as a Service (PaaS) • PaaS provides all of the facilities required to support the complete life cycle of building and delivering web applications and services entirely from the Internet. – Typically applications must be developed with a particular platform in mind – Multi tenant environments – Highly scalable multi tier architecture
- 17. PaaS Examples
- 18. Public cloud • Public cloud (off-site and remote) describes cloud computing where resources are dynamically provisioned on an on-demand, self- service basis over the Internet, via web applications/web services, open API, from a third-party provider who bills on a utility computing basis. Private cloud • A private cloud environment is often the first step for a corporation prior to adopting a public cloud initiative. Corporations have discovered the benefits of consolidating shared services on virtualized hardware deployed from a primary datacenter to serve local and remote users. Deployment (Distribution)Models
- 19. Hybrid cloud A hybrid cloud environment consists of some portion of computing resources on-site (on premise) and off-site (public cloud). By integrating public cloud services, users can leverage cloud solutions for specific functions that are too costly to maintain on-premise such as virtual server disaster recovery, backups and test/development environments. Community cloud A community cloud is formed when several organizations with similar requirements share common infrastructure. Costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud but more than a single tenant.
- 20. Where is the Cloud Going? • IDC's updated IT Cloud Services Forecast predicts that public cloud computing will grow from $17.4 billion worth of IT spend in 2009 to $44 billion by 2013. 1 • Additionally, Federal CIO Vivek Kundra has vowed to spend $19 billion of U.S. government's $70 billion IT budget on cloud computing. • The five year growth outlook remains strong, with a five-year annual growth rate of 26% – over six times the rate of traditional IT offerings.
- 22. Why Now? • The acceptance and proliferation(spread or increase) of hardware virtualization and multi-tenant applications • The Internet has become ubiquitous(Universal) i.e an accepted method of connecting providers with consumers • ISPs/Telcos are offering robust, redundant and managed corporate internet service enabling service consolidation efficiencies. • The cost verses risk equation has tipped toward shared solutions • Computing capabilities are being seen as a ongoing service rather than an internal capital expense
- 23. The Reality • Enterprises will be dragged kicking and screaming through the gates of cloud computing by the economy, consumers and emerging markets.
- 24. Enterprise Cloud Solutions 1. Hybrid Cloud – Scalability of the Public Cloud with the control and security of a private cloud 2. Test / Development / QA Platform – Use cloud infrastructure servers as your test and development platform 3. Disaster Recovery – Keep images of your servers on cloud infrastructure ready to go in case of a disaster 4. Cloud File Storage – Backup or Archive your company data to cloud file storage 5. Load Balancing – Use cloud infrastructure for overflow management during peak usage times
- 25. How to get started • Evaluating the business case for public, private and hybrid cloud models • Developing an enterprise integration and migration strategy towards cloud provisioning • Review enterprise applications for SaaS candidates • Review enterprise requirements for cloud security, governance and standards • Determine optimal management of your virtualized environment and cloud implementation • Review case studies from early adopters of SaaS, PaaS and IaaS solutions
- 27. Cloud Computing Characteristics 28 Common Characteristics: Low Cost Software Virtualization Service Orientation Advanced Security Homogeneity Massive Scale Resilient Computing Geographic Distribution Essential Characteristics: Resource Pooling Broad Network Access Rapid Elasticity Measured Service On Demand Self-Service Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim Grance
- 28. What is the purpose and benefits? • Cloud computing enables companies and applications, which are system infrastructure dependent, to be infrastructure-less. • By using the Cloud infrastructure on “pay as used and on demand”, all of us can save in capital and operational investment! • Clients can: – Put their data on the platform instead of on their own desktop PCs and/or on their own servers. – They can put their applications on the cloud and use the servers within the cloud to do processing and data manipulations etc. 29
- 29. Cloud-Sourcing • Why is it becoming a Big Deal: – Using high-scale/low-cost providers, – Any time/place access via web browser, – Rapid scalability; incremental cost and load sharing, – Can forget need to focus on local IT. • Concerns: – Performance, reliability, and SLAs, – Control of data, and service parameters, – Application features and choices, – Interaction between Cloud providers, – No standard API – mix of SOAP and REST! – Privacy, security, compliance, trust… 30
- 30. Some Commercial Cloud Offerings 31
- 31. 32 Security is the Major Issue
- 32. Cloud Storage • Several large Web companies are now exploiting the fact that they have data storage capacity that can be hired out to others. – allows data stored remotely to be temporarily cached on desktop computers, mobile phones or other Internet- linked devices. • Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple Storage Solution (S3) are well known examples 33
- 33. Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) • Unlimited Storage. • Pay for what you use: – $0.20 per GByte of data transferred, – $0.15 per GByte-Month for storage used, – Second Life Update: • 1TBytes, 40,000 downloads in 24 hours - $200, 34
Editor's Notes
- #11: IaaSdelivers computer infrastructure, typically a platform virtualization environment, as a service. Rather than purchasing servers, software, data center space or network equipment, clients instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced service. PaaSdeliver a computing platform where the developers can develop their own applications. SaaSis a model of software deployment where the software applications are provided to the customers as a service.
- #29: Massive Scale: HUGE Scalability: Infrastructure capacity allows for traffic spikes(points) and minimizes delays. Resiliency(Strong and robust) Cloud providers have mirrored solutions to minimize downtime in the event of a disaster. This type of resiliency can give businesses the sustainability they need during unanticipated events. Homogeneity: No matter which cloud provider and architecture an organization uses, an open cloud will make it easy for them to work with other groups, even if those other groups choose different providers and architectures. On-demand self-service. A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service’s provider. Broad network access. Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs). Resource pooling. Multi-tenant model.. There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). Examples of resources include storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines. Rapid elasticity. Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time. Measured Service. Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts).