CNC machining center and CNC controllers
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CNC machining centers allow for multi-axis machining of workpieces in a single setup under program control. They include vertical and horizontal machining centers. Vertical machining centers hold the workpiece on a table that moves in the X-Y axes while the spindle moves in the Z axis. Horizontal machining centers use a rotary table to machine all sides of cube-shaped parts. Modern CNC machining centers feature automatic tool changers, workpiece positioning, and pallet changers to increase efficiency. Common CNC controllers include FANUC and Siemens controls, which provide precision motion control and programming capabilities.
CNC machining center and CNC controllers
- 1. CNC MACHINING CENTER & CNC Controllers
- 2. CNC Machining centers: A machine center is a machine tool capable of performing multiple machining operations on a work part in one setup under NC program control. (Multi tasking Machine) Ex: Milling, drilling, tapping ,grinding, welding etc.
- 3. Classification of Machining centers: • Vertical machining center • Horizontal machining center
- 4. Vertical machining center (VMC) : In CNC vertical machining center, the work piece is held on the table base and the spindle which contains the cutting tool is fixed on vertical Z axis. The table moves in X and Y axis and spindle with cutting tool moves in Z axis. It is used for flat work that requires tool axis from the top. Ex: Mould and die cavities, large components of aircraft.
- 5. CNC vertical Machining center Present day production vertical axis CNC machining centre Bridgeport VMC 500
- 7. The possible rotary motions of the tool head
- 8. Horizontal machining center (HMC) : A HMC is used for cube shaped parts. Rotary table used in HMC for machining all four faces.
- 9. A typical horizontal machining centre with an automatic pallet changer
- 10. Features of CNC machining Centers • Automatic tool changer (ATC) • Automatic Work positioning (AWP) • Automatic pallet changer (APC)
- 11. Automatic tool changer (ATC) A tool magazine where sufficient number of tools can be stored (16-80) and is integrated with the machine tool. When cutter needs to changed, the tool drum rotates to proper position and ATC operating under program exchanges tool in the spindle for the tool in the tool storage unit
- 12. Automatic Work positioning (AWP) Many horizontal and vertical machining centers have the capability to orient the work part relative to the spindle. This is accomplished by means of a rotary table on which work part is fixed. The table can be oriented at any angle about a vertical axis to permit the cutting tool to access almost entire surface of the part in a single setup.
- 13. Various planes possible by the 2-axis rotary table with a HMC
- 14. Automatic pallet changer (APC) Machining centers are often equipped with two or more separate pallets that can be presented to the cutting tool using automatic pallet changer. While machining is performed with one pallet in position at machine, the other pallet is in a safe location , the operator can unload the finished part and the fixes the raw work part on pallet for next cycle.
- 15. CNC controller functions • To read the coded instructions. • To decode the coded instructions. • To implement interpolations (linear, circular, and helical) to generate axis motion commands. •To receive the feedback signals of position and speed for each drive axis. •To implement auxiliary control functions such as coolant or spindle on/off and tool change The machine control unit (MCU) is the heart of a CNC system. It is used to perform the following functions: •To feed the axis motion commands to the amplifier circuits for driving the axis mechanisms.
- 16. Types of CNC control units • FANUC • SIEMENS
- 17. Fuji Automatic NUmerical Control (FANUC) • that provide automation products and services such as robotics and computer numerical control wireless systems. • Each generation of the FANUC numerical control system has different levels of device control capabilities, and these are generally referred to by a model or series number. (30i/31i/35i) • Each controller model is typically available with several device control capabilities, depending on what software functions are licensed for use on that device. Some common control capabilities are: • M - Milling • T - Turning (lathe) • TT - Twin Turret • P - Punch press • G - Grinding
- 18. Fuji Automatic NUmerical Control (FANUC) FANUC CNC (American) provides the answer to demanding machining operations involving multiple axes and multiple path applications. From very small to very large work pieces, from very soft to very hard materials, FANUC CNC provides the ideal balance between utmost precision, flawless surface quality and the shortest possible cycle times. This translates into less non-productive time and eliminates the inaccuracies incurred in multiple-part set-up operations.
- 19. SINUMERIC (SIEMENS) CONTROLLER Sinumeric is the first German brand for CNC controller • as of 2009: The operating software Sinumeric Operate combines programming according to DIN 66025 and workshop programming (ShopMill and ShopTurn) in the same user interface. • 2009: Compact CNC in technological design for turning and milling machines up to 8 axes - SINUMERIC 828D • 2011: Bundling competence around the energy efficiency of machine tools - SINUMERIC Ctrl-Energy • 2012: Entry-level CNC in technological design for turning and milling machines up to 3 axes - SINUMERIC 808D • 2020: SINUMERIC 840D 5 axes machine center
- 20. SIEMENS CONTROL With the SINUMERIK CNC, Siemens Machine Tool Systems combine the topics automation, technological competence and digitalization to form a unique range of solutions, which allows to increase the productivity. SINUMERIK CNC systems are the optimum solution for the manufacture of individual parts or series production, for basic and complex work pieces.
- 21. FANUC vs. Siemens controls • FANUC :It is s more reliable than Siemens from a hardware point of view . They are easy to operate and program. From a maintenance perspective, its typically easier to troubleshoot problems. • Siemens was more flexible from a machine tool builder perspective. Unlocking options seemed easier, and the programming languages available were powerful. Siemens definitely feels more modern.
Editor's Notes
- #12: ATC changes the tool very quickly, reducing the non-productive time. Generally, it is used to improve the capacity of the machine to work with a number of tools. It is one more step towards complete automation.
- #13: ATC changes the tool very quickly, reducing the non-productive time. Generally, it is used to improve the capacity of the machine to work with a number of tools. It is one more step towards complete automation.